- 70
MASQUE, GREBO, CÔTE D’IVOIRE |
估價
200,000 - 300,000 EUR
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招標截止
描述
- haut. 74 cm ; 29 1/8 in
來源
Collection Pierre (1900-1993) et Suzanne Vérité, Paris, acquis avant 1950
Enchères Rive Gauche, Paris, Collection Pierre et Claude Vérité, 17 juin 2006, n° 148
Collection privée, Paris, acquis lors de cette vente
Enchères Rive Gauche, Paris, Collection Pierre et Claude Vérité, 17 juin 2006, n° 148
Collection privée, Paris, acquis lors de cette vente
展覽
Paris, Cercle Volney, Les Arts africains, 3 juin - 7 juillet 1955
出版
Vérité, Rousseau et Lejard, Les Arts africains, 1950, p. 170, n° 159C (non illustré)
Segy, African Sculpture Speaks, 1969, p. 170, n° 146b
Segy, African Sculpture Speaks, 1969, p. 170, n° 146b
Condition
Very good condition overall. One very thin crack running down the long serrated crest. Open stable crack at the bottom with metal indigenous repair and tiny losses on the proper right side of the right eye, as visible on the catalogue illustration. Tiny holes on the surface, seen in most Grebo masks inherent of this type of wood. Marks and a small loss on the back side of the chin. Few small losses on the reverse edge consistent with its prolonged use and great age. Remains of the original powerful blue pigment on the mouth.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
拍品資料及來源
En juin 1955 ouvre à Paris, au Cercle Volney, l’une des expositions phares dédiées aux arts d’Afrique dans les années 1950 : Les Arts africains (3 juin-7 juillet 1955). Dans « ce monde féerique de la plastique pure » (introduction au catalogue de l’exposition, p. 9-11), le peintre André Lhote rend hommage aux voies « les plus sévèrement, les plus irrémédiablement, les plus spécifiquement plastiques […] de la grande Méditation Noire », dont la découverte présida à la naissance de l’art moderne. Illustrant avec d’autres chefs-d’œuvre – notamment le masque Fang du Ngil -, la richesse de la collection de Pierre et Suzanne Vérité, ce masque y côtoie les œuvres appartenant aux plus importants collectionneurs européens de l’époque, dont Léonce et Pierre Guerre, Pierre Loeb, René Rasmussen, Isaac Païles, Madeleine Rousseau, Louis Carré ou encore Alberto Magnelli. Aux côtés des deux autres masques Grebo visibles sur l’une des photographies de l’exposition, cette œuvre illustre l’impact de ces créations sur l’art du XXe siècle - que Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler appela « La découverte décisive » (« L’art nègre et le cubisme », Présence Africaine, n°3, 1948). « Le fait est que Picasso possédait un [tel] masque et que c’est l’étude de ce masque qui est à l’origine du bouleversement qui s’opéra alors » (idem, p. 373). Ces masques produisirent en lui un déclenchement dans son rejet des styles illusionnistes, dans la conquête d’une esthétique visant à la conceptualisation, et dans sa volonté de substituer, à la représentation des objets, leur inscription comme signes. D’où l’influence séminale de l’un de ces masques pour l’élaboration, en 1912, de sa célèbre Guitare en tôle (MoMA, inv. n° 640.1973), la toute première sculpture véritablement cubiste. Ces œuvres hantèrent Picasso au point qu’elles figurent sur plusieurs de ses dessins, notamment sur une mine de plomb représentant la salle à manger de l’artiste à Montrouge, en 1917. Au sein de son corpus, ce masque porte à la perfection cet art minimaliste du schématisme volumétrique : yeux cylindriques dont les tranches sont peintes de cercles au bleu de lessive et au kaolin ; bouche parallélépipédique ornée de dents taillées en pointe (c’était le cas jadis pour les humains) ; front saillant prolongé par le nez aquilin qui s’impose comme une proue structurant le visage, longue crête dentelée qui renforce l’élégance géométrique de la création.
Rompant violemment avec le naturalisme, les artistes Grebo ont opéré ce qu’Alain-Michel Boyer définit comme « une inversion radicale dans l’ordre de la représentation qui transforme délibérément les trous en aspérités, les creux en protubérances. Les ouvertures, yeux et bouches, deviennent des saillies. Des saillies dépourvues d’orifice (narines, orbites, cavité buccale) puisque les deux parallélépipèdes inférieurs sont simplement coupés par une ligne minimaliste dotée de chevrons qui suggèrent des dents, et des cercles peints en noir sur l’extrémité plate des cylindres se bornent à rappeler les pupilles. Rupture et innovation plastiques majeures dont Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, fin analyste du cubisme et, dès 1907, éminent marchand de Picasso avait, l’un des premiers, décelé toute l’audace (Kahnweiler, idem, p. 367) : faire du moins un plus, métamorphoser une béance en excroissance ». (Communication personnelle, décembre 2017)
Dans cette réinvention de la figure humaine, où la puissance des formes se conjugue à l’élégance géométrique et à l’expressionnisme des contrastes polychromes, se révèle ici l’une des créations les plus abouties d’un des corpus les plus restreints de l’art africain.
In June 1955, Les Arts africains (3 June - 7 July 1955) opened at the Cercle Volney. It was one of the most prominent exhibitions of African art to be held in the French capital in the 1950s. In “this magical world of pure aesthetics" (introduction to the catalogue of the Volney exhibition, p. 9-11), artist André Lhote pays tribute to the "the most severely, most fatally, most specifically aesthetic [paths taken] […] by the great Black Meditation", the discovery of which heralded the rise of modern art as we know it. A beautiful illustration - along with the Fang Ngil mask and many other works of art now widely recognized as masterpieces - of the richness of the Pierre and Suzanne Vérité collection, this mask is displayed within the exhibition alongside objects belonging to the most prominent European collectors of the time, (including Léonce and Pierre Guerre, Pierre Loeb, René Rasmussen, Isaac Païles, Madeleine Rousseau, Louis Carré and Alberto Magnelli). Each of them asserts the breadth and potency of African art.
Set alongside the two Grebo masks in one of the original exhibition photographs, this piece also highlights the impact of these creations on 20th century art, which Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler referred to as "The decisive discovery" (“L’art nègre et le cubisme”, Présence Africaine, No 3, 1948). "The fact is that Picasso owned a Wobe mask and that it is the study of this mask that is at the root of the upheaval that took place then" (ibid, p.373). These masks triggered his rejection of illusionist styles, as part of the quest towards an aesthetic aimed at conceptualization, and his desire to replace the representation of objects with their inscription as signs. Hence the seminal influence of one of these masks for the production, in 1912, of his famous sheet metal Guitar (MoMA, inv. No. 640.1973), the very first genuinely cubist sculpture. These pieces haunted Picasso so profoundly that they feature in his drawings, including a graphite sketch depicting the artist’s dining room in Montrouge, in 1917.This mask represents the epitome of the minimalist art of volumetric schematism: the cylindrical eyes contain slices painted with guimet blue circles and kaolin; the parallelepiped mouth is adorned with teeth filed to a point (which was also done for humans in the past); the projecting forehead extending into the aquiline nose is shaped like a prow, which structures the face topped with a long serrated crest, enhancing the geometric elegance of the creation.
In a dramatic departure from naturalism, Grebo artists operated what Alain-Michel Boyer defined as “a radical inversion in the order of representation, which deliberately transforms holes into asperities, hollows into protuberances The openings - eyes and mouths - become projections. Projections devoid of orifices (nostrils, orbits, oral cavity) since the two lower parallelepipeds are simply divided by a minimalist line with chevrons that suggest teeth, and circles painted black on the flat end of the cylinders merely evoke pupils. A major artistic breakthrough and innovation which Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, a discerning analyst of cubism - and, as early as 1907, Picasso's eminent dealer - was one of the first to see in all its boldness (Kahnweiler, ibid, p.367) : making a minus into a plus, turning a void into an excrescence”. (Personal communication, December 2017)
The geometric force is echoed here in the expressionism of polychromatic contrasts and in the absolute reinvention of the human figure, which make this piece one of the most accomplished within one of the most restricted corpora in African art.
Rompant violemment avec le naturalisme, les artistes Grebo ont opéré ce qu’Alain-Michel Boyer définit comme « une inversion radicale dans l’ordre de la représentation qui transforme délibérément les trous en aspérités, les creux en protubérances. Les ouvertures, yeux et bouches, deviennent des saillies. Des saillies dépourvues d’orifice (narines, orbites, cavité buccale) puisque les deux parallélépipèdes inférieurs sont simplement coupés par une ligne minimaliste dotée de chevrons qui suggèrent des dents, et des cercles peints en noir sur l’extrémité plate des cylindres se bornent à rappeler les pupilles. Rupture et innovation plastiques majeures dont Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, fin analyste du cubisme et, dès 1907, éminent marchand de Picasso avait, l’un des premiers, décelé toute l’audace (Kahnweiler, idem, p. 367) : faire du moins un plus, métamorphoser une béance en excroissance ». (Communication personnelle, décembre 2017)
Dans cette réinvention de la figure humaine, où la puissance des formes se conjugue à l’élégance géométrique et à l’expressionnisme des contrastes polychromes, se révèle ici l’une des créations les plus abouties d’un des corpus les plus restreints de l’art africain.
In June 1955, Les Arts africains (3 June - 7 July 1955) opened at the Cercle Volney. It was one of the most prominent exhibitions of African art to be held in the French capital in the 1950s. In “this magical world of pure aesthetics" (introduction to the catalogue of the Volney exhibition, p. 9-11), artist André Lhote pays tribute to the "the most severely, most fatally, most specifically aesthetic [paths taken] […] by the great Black Meditation", the discovery of which heralded the rise of modern art as we know it. A beautiful illustration - along with the Fang Ngil mask and many other works of art now widely recognized as masterpieces - of the richness of the Pierre and Suzanne Vérité collection, this mask is displayed within the exhibition alongside objects belonging to the most prominent European collectors of the time, (including Léonce and Pierre Guerre, Pierre Loeb, René Rasmussen, Isaac Païles, Madeleine Rousseau, Louis Carré and Alberto Magnelli). Each of them asserts the breadth and potency of African art.
Set alongside the two Grebo masks in one of the original exhibition photographs, this piece also highlights the impact of these creations on 20th century art, which Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler referred to as "The decisive discovery" (“L’art nègre et le cubisme”, Présence Africaine, No 3, 1948). "The fact is that Picasso owned a Wobe mask and that it is the study of this mask that is at the root of the upheaval that took place then" (ibid, p.373). These masks triggered his rejection of illusionist styles, as part of the quest towards an aesthetic aimed at conceptualization, and his desire to replace the representation of objects with their inscription as signs. Hence the seminal influence of one of these masks for the production, in 1912, of his famous sheet metal Guitar (MoMA, inv. No. 640.1973), the very first genuinely cubist sculpture. These pieces haunted Picasso so profoundly that they feature in his drawings, including a graphite sketch depicting the artist’s dining room in Montrouge, in 1917.This mask represents the epitome of the minimalist art of volumetric schematism: the cylindrical eyes contain slices painted with guimet blue circles and kaolin; the parallelepiped mouth is adorned with teeth filed to a point (which was also done for humans in the past); the projecting forehead extending into the aquiline nose is shaped like a prow, which structures the face topped with a long serrated crest, enhancing the geometric elegance of the creation.
In a dramatic departure from naturalism, Grebo artists operated what Alain-Michel Boyer defined as “a radical inversion in the order of representation, which deliberately transforms holes into asperities, hollows into protuberances The openings - eyes and mouths - become projections. Projections devoid of orifices (nostrils, orbits, oral cavity) since the two lower parallelepipeds are simply divided by a minimalist line with chevrons that suggest teeth, and circles painted black on the flat end of the cylinders merely evoke pupils. A major artistic breakthrough and innovation which Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, a discerning analyst of cubism - and, as early as 1907, Picasso's eminent dealer - was one of the first to see in all its boldness (Kahnweiler, ibid, p.367) : making a minus into a plus, turning a void into an excrescence”. (Personal communication, December 2017)
The geometric force is echoed here in the expressionism of polychromatic contrasts and in the absolute reinvention of the human figure, which make this piece one of the most accomplished within one of the most restricted corpora in African art.