拍品 3608
  • 3608

明永樂 青花輪花紋綬帶耳葫蘆扁壺

估價
30,000,000 - 40,000,000 HKD
招標截止

描述

  • porcelain
superbly modelled after a Middle Eastern metalwork prototype, with a flattened spherical body with two domed sides resting on a rectangular footring with rounded corners, surmounted by a waisted neck and small bulb-shaped mouth, flanked by a pair of gracefully arched handles extending from the upper neck to the narrow sides plainly decorated with two lines, each main side of the body brilliantly painted in rich cobalt blue with linked ruyi heads overlapping elongated petal lappets interspersed with trefoil flowers, all radiating out from a central wheel-shaped medallion and enclosed within a classic scroll border along the edge, below a foliate scroll band of asters and carnations collaring the lower mouth, the lobed terminals of the handles similarly adorned with floral sprays

來源

仇焱之(1910-80年)收藏
香港蘇富比1981年5月19日,編號408
出光美術館,東京

出版

仇焱之及林仰山,〈永樂宣德靑花磁研究〉,《東方文化》,卷4,第1-2期,1957-58年,1961年重印,頁108-116,圖版 VII-VIII

Condition

The overall condition is excellent, with just some original glaze crackles and a minute glaze bruise above the foot. The cobalt blue is particularly rich and vivid.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

妙筆宏志,精陶傲心
康蕊君

扁壺妙繪輪花,宛如歌德式玫瑰窗飾,抽象典麗。永樂一朝,此類圖飾,青花盌上偶有見之,然輪花扁壺燒製之初,倩形麗飾,其嶄新之處,想必歎為觀止,在一眾寫生紋樣中脫穎而出。

輻輳輪花,沿線追索,鑑其縱橫交貫,觀其有條不紊,賞其起伏有序,片片瓣葉相互交鎖,成就立體輪花,始明箇中奧妙玄機。琢器如斯,從陶土塑形到胎體拼接,也是殊不簡單。瓷匠神技與畫師妙筆,兩者高下難辨,不相伯仲。膺宮廷之命而製,儘管艱鉅,勉力為之。從器形到紋飾,扁壺溢洋異風,然器口環繪雛菊石竹,連枝繾綣,綬帶雙耳並綴折枝小花,輕盈和美,相對輪花之細謹,隨性寫意,暗渙傳統雅韻,中外藝風共蘊一器,柔硬並蓄,相得益彰,誠永樂御窰經典。

此類扁壺,據器形、尺寸、輪花,各可二分兩式,也有無款及署宣德年款兩種。此扁壺之形,屬壺身略高、器口較形修長一類,一般無款,年代應較早,或乃永樂年製。另外一類,尺寸較小,器口豐腴若梨,多落宣德年款,年代應略晚。然而,兩種器形皆有書款及無款之例,永宣二朝,大有可能兩式兼製,難以單憑外形辨其年代。

仇焱之與林仰山在1961年出版的文章中(前述出處),曾就明初葫蘆扁壺斷代作詳細討論,以大維德藝術基金會及仇氏藏品為例,提出永宣兩窰差異微細玄妙,但仍可分辨。此青花扁壺,時仍屬仇焱之雅蓄,收入論文,列為早期典例,定代永樂。仇焱之與林仰山指出,在材質、器形、紋飾、畫風上,永宣兩朝細節有別。簡而言之,相對宣窰所製,永樂扁壺,器形雍雅、畫工細膩、發色濃艷。以此為度,便可睹微知著。

此扁壺輪花瓣葉交鎖,青花呈色湛藍,濃而不俗,正如仇、林二人所言之格外細緻,烘托瓷胎潔白,罩覆瀅淨釉光,藍愈發靛、白更如雪,完美演示筆者論點。年代較晚之例,畫師顯然未加注意花瓣扣連之奧,縱可走筆疾描,所繪輪花乏立體感。文章筆者續指,後朝所製器足稍異,或具立置穩妥之效,卻損其美,有遜前朝秀形。永樂扁壺,整器圓渾豐潤,清新引思,是為鑑美賞雅之大樂也。

雙耳扁壺之式,究其根、追其源,可上溯至埃及陶製器皿,始燒於十八王朝(約公元前1543-1292年),此後風行數百年未竭。六至七世紀期間,在羅馬帝國治下,基督教虔徒前往埃及亞歷山大港附近之聖米納斯墓朝拜,獲當地陶製扁壺,是為紀念品,盛以聖水或油,因而此類埃及陶器,得「聖米納斯壺(St Menas flask)」之名。幾乎與此同時,埃及扁壺或隨粟特商人傳入,中土始見類例,並首現陶質鉛釉仿品。至永樂年間,景德鎮瓷匠慕其雅、倣其式,卻巧思獨運,芳菲寫意襯豐盈,輪花細謹展迭棱,終成當朝典範。至於輪花,窮根溯流殊艱,然觀其幾何之狀,猜其源或始於波斯、大食(今阿拉伯)。

景德鎮明代御窰遺址廢棄堆中,發掘出飾紋與此相同之扁壺殘片,經復修後展於《景德鎮出土明初官窰瓷器》,鴻禧美術館,台北,1996年,編號65。伊斯坦堡托普卡比宮殿博物館另藏一相類扁壺,圖見康蕊君,《Chinese Ceramics in the Topkapi Saray Museum, Istanbul》,John Ayers 編,倫敦,1986年,卷2,編號616。東京梅澤記念館又藏一例,載於藤岡了一及長谷部樂爾編,《世界陶瓷全集》,卷 14:明,東京,1976年,彩圖版144及圖23。還有一例,見於展覽《The Mount Trust Collection of Chinese Art》,維多利亞與艾伯特博物館,倫敦,1970年,編號83。

北京故宮博物院存清宮舊藏兩扁壺,其中一壺器形與此相近,但為宣德年製,署款,另外一器則無款,但尺寸較小,器口較豐,兩器皆收錄在耿寶昌編,《故宮博物院藏明初青花瓷》,卷1,北京,2002年,圖版84及85,並斷代宣德。上海博物館藏二無款例,兩器之口,其一纖細、另一圓碩,陸明華在圖錄中均定其為宣德年製,見《上海博物館藏品研究大系.明代官窰瓷器》,上海,2007年,圖版3-20及3-21。德黑蘭伊朗國家博物館藏兩器型較小之例,原貯阿德比爾聖殿,其一之圖載於《東洋陶磁大觀》,東京、紐約及三藩市,1980-82年,卷 4,彩圖版58。且有一扁壺,或曾在伊斯法罕四十柱宮展出,圖見三杉隆敏,《中近東之中國瓷器》,香港,1981年,卷3,頁349中右。

當朝青花盌,有於器心或外壁繪相類輪花者,北京故宮博物院藏四永樂例,圖見耿寶昌,前述出處,圖版61-4。