商代， 公元前十三至十一世紀 甲骨刻辭三十四例

牛胛骨十八片，龜甲十六片，刻辭屬於賓組、出組、何組、黃組；即所謂村北派；內容包括週祭、求雨，祭牲、征伐，出獵，及習刻。

甲骨文最早發現於十九世紀末；王懿榮（1845-1900）據說是最早收藏甲骨的學者。自上世紀二十年代殷墟考古開始後，甲骨文連同安陽出土遺跡遺物成為研究復原中國早期歷史的不可缺少的資料。 目前，商代甲骨留存超過了十萬片，但絕大部分都在公共博物館，私人收藏罕見。



這一組甲骨早年流到日本，為著名篆刻家小林斗盦所收藏。日本學者松丸道雄1960年代就對它們做過初步整理。成果為中國社會科學院歷史研究所編纂大型工具書《甲骨文合集》時所參用。這次我們把松丸道雄先生的整理全面發表，對學界系統了解這批珍貴的甲骨資料有重要意義。

Collection of Kobayashi Toan (1916-2007). 

Private Japanese collection.

Matsumaru Michio, “Collections of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Japan—Part 2”, Oracle Bones Studies, no. 8, 1960, p. 173, 180-83.

Works by Kobayashi Toan, Tokyo, 1975, p. 12.

Matsumaru Michio, “Collections of Shang Oracle Bones in Japan”, Bulletin of the Institute for Oriental Studies, Tokyo University, Oracle Bones Studies, no. 86, 1981, p. 15.

Institute of History, CASS, Compendium of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Beijing, 1978-82.

The bones are in the normal condition one would expect from objects of the age. For buyers who are interested in this lot and want further information, please speak to Dr. Tao Wang at 212-606-7332.
In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective qualified opinion.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING CONDITION OF A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD "AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF SALE PRINTED IN THE CATALOGUE.

The oracle bone inscriptions (jiaguwen; literally: writings on shells and  bones) are the earliest surviving writing systems in China. They were first discovered at Anyang, the last capital of the Shang dynasty (c. 1300-1046，also known as Yinxu, ‘ruins of the Yin’) at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, and have since become a major subject in Chinese history and archaeology. 

There are over 100,000 fragments of oracle bone inscriptions (OBI) in various public collections.  The contents of the inscriptions are mostly related to divination, and a typical example includes four parts; a) the preface (xuci), b) the charge (mingci), c) the prognostication (zhanci), and d) the verification (yanci).  However, because the majority of the bones found are fragmentary, scholars can only read what is left and make reasoned guess as to the missing parts.  A few of the examples are related to particular events, such as hunting trips, records of ceremonies and warfare, or sometime as the scribe's writing exercises.

Though not fully standardized, OBI is a mature writing system. The style of writing varies in different periods, and from different diviners’ groups.  During the late Shang period, there were many diviners working under different kings, and some royal princes and relatives also employed diviners and scribes. Inscriptions were first written with brush together with black or red pigments on the surface of the cracked bone, then incised with a bronze or jade knife. In the OBI, we can see more pictographic elements than in the later scripts. The tradition of writing on bones continued from the Shang dynasty into the early Western Zhou period, but soon disappeared. Nonetheless, OBI are the direct ancestors of all the later forms of Chinese writing.

The present group comprises thirty-four pieces,  thirty-two of them are divination texts and two scribes' exercises.  The contents range from ancestral worship, warfare, weather, to royal hunts. They belonged to the Bin, Chu, He and Huang diviner groups, representing all different periods of the Shang royal house at Yinxu.

Professor Matsumaru Michio has studied these inscriptions and numbered them with hand copies and ink rubbings, illustrated here.