拍品 424
  • 424

北齊武平七年 (公元576年) 砂岩石雕刻銘蓮花座觀音立像 《武平七年正月九日佛弟子郭延受合家等敬造》款

估價
800,000 - 1,200,000 USD
招標截止

描述

  • 《武平七年正月九日佛弟子郭延受合家等敬造》款
  • Sandstone
the slender figure with a slight sway-back posture, the flattened contours of the deity’s loose robes shaped around the body in symmetrical low-relief folds starting at the shoulders and progressing to the feet, the robes falling open at the chest to reveal the diagonal under-tunic, the shoulders draped with loose scarves, the chest richly adorned with a flat necklace suspending large beads and a further garland of beads extending from the shoulders crossing through a medallion at the waist and continuing to the knees with further pendent ribbons hanging from the waist, the rounded face with slender almond-shaped eyes below an evenly arched brow tapering at the ends issuing from a straight nose above full lips and a double chin, framed by long pendulous earlobes and a tall foliate tiara with short beaded ribbons streaming from rounded medallions alternating with teardrop emblems, the truncated hands possibly held in abhaya- and varadamudra, the bare feet standing upon a separate domed-shaped lotus plinth with a cartouche inscribed in kaishu (regular script) with a dedication by Guo Yanshou, dated to the ninth day of the first month in the seventh year of the Wuping period (corresponding to AD 576, Northern Qi dynasty), above a small turtle and flanked by a pair of truncated lions, the grainy grayish stone with a slight pink hue

來源

山中商會,京都(1925年以前)
購於五十至六十年代

展覽

《開館特別出品「精品選集」》,九州国立博物館,福岡,2005年,編號29

出版

Osvald Sirén,《Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century》,倫敦,1925年,圖版230 A 及 B
松原三郎,《中国仏敎彫刻史研究》,東京,1966年,圖版164 (a)-(c)
松原三郎,《中国仏敎彫刻史論》,東京,1995年,圖版編二,圖版468 a 及 b

Condition

There are old chips to both of the arms and the two lions (visible in the Sotheby's catalogue as well as in the Osvald Siren's book published in 1925). The nose and lips are nicked and worn down. There are also some smaller chips, dents, scratches and wear to the sculpture, which can be expected for its age and material.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

刻文
武平七年正月九日佛弟子郭延受合家等敬造觀音像一區,上為國王帝主,師僧父母,因緣眷屬,法界眾生,解脫離苦,成元上道,所求如意。

北齊造像典範

康蕊君

此觀音立像,莊嚴端祥,誠北齊佛教造像之典範。北齊年間,藝術風格推陳出新。 石雕藝匠放棄北魏簡素樸拙且透異國情調的形態,洗前朝遺風,另闢蹊徑。綜觀中國石雕藝術歴史,若論創思前瞻,別開生面,能與北齊相提並論的朝代,寥寥可數。

菩薩五觀和均,面相婉柔,盡展北齊造像獨特之美。腰腹微微隆起,弧線流麗優雅,唯妙唯肖。寶冠瓔珞華而不縟,恰到好處,端莊肅穆。

Osvald Sirén 曾在其文章〈Chinese Marble Sculptures of the Transition Period〉中,詳論從北齊、北周至隋朝,即約公元550-618年,與本品相類之佛教造像的風格嬗變,惟研究僅限大理石雕之屬,見《Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities》,第12期,斯德哥爾摩,1940年,頁473-96。筆者在頁473提出,北齊造像風格,須至570年代初,始趨成熟,而最重要之瑰瑋傑作皆出自往後短短十數載。開皇五年(585)以降,造像形態漸見因循守舊,原有之細膩柔美,逐步消退。

山西省博物館藏相近造像,斷為北齊上半葉之作,圖見於松原三郎,《中国仏敎彫刻史論》,東京,1995年,圖版編二,圖版476a(圖一), 同書另刊紐約大都會藝術博物館藏像,頭首已失,雕風與本品相類,見圖版476b(圖二)。松原三郎把現藏蘇黎世雷特博爾格博物館之造像與本尊並排對比,瑞士藏像並無紀年,浮雕深淺分明,飾華帶瓔珞(松原三郎,1995年,上述出處,圖版468c,圖三)。該菩薩像也見於是 Osvald Sirén,《Chinese Sculptures in the von der Heydt Collection》,蘇黎世,1959年,圖版26,書中頁92,作者寫其為山西南部流行之佛教塑像的範例,並指京都有鄰館存相類佛像,當中包括據紀年同為576之雕塑,或正為本尊菩薩像,作者另舉斯德哥爾摩瑞典國立博物館藏570年造像作例。

相關菩薩造像,可參考曾為武藤氏及山岡清兵衛收藏之例,皆並無紀年,瓔珞衣褶雕飾略較浮凸,圖錄於松原三郎,1995年,上述出處,圖版437,曾現於倫敦蘇富比1986年12月9日,編號32(圖四),以及紐約佳士得1996年9月19日,編號219。另可比較一尊1964年購於日本之雕像,後售於倫敦蘇富比1993年12月7日,編號34。北京故宮博物院藏造像殘石,觀音菩薩立於三位中央,其身軀同樣微往前傾,衣褶瓔珞浮雕也稍淺,圖刊於松原三郎,1995年,上述出處,圖版415 a。

此風雖盛於北齊,然至隋朝之時已竭。對比東京國立博物館藏像,形態相類,尺寸較大,據銘製於開皇五年(585), 其輪廓五觀、華衣皺褶、瓔珞寶飾之雕刻皆更明快利落,棱角分明,大異於北齊委婉圓潤之風,圖見松原三郎,1995年,上述出處,圖版497(圖五)。

此類佛廟立像,風格巧思應取材自當時華貴之佛教洞窟。有傳北齊文宣帝(550-559年在位)下令於河北峰峰開鑿響堂山石窟群,共十七洞,至武平三年(572)竣工,乃當時最重要之朝廷開鑿洞窟,大體可分為南北兩組,另有較小之列,謂水浴寺石窟。單是南響堂山已有佛像達四千,主要成於北齊年間,多為皇室顯貴發願供養。響堂山主要造像皆為傳統之一佛二菩薩,侍從相伴,身形高挑修長,魁梧結實。

響堂山之風,顯然見於此尊菩薩造像。試對比北響堂山第二窟坐佛兩側菩薩,其體態衣裳之處理,與本品相類,圖載於 《中國美術全集.雕塑編》,卷13,北京,1989年,圖版110-14,或見成於天統元年至承光元年間(565-577)之南響堂山第七窟塑像,錄於 Angela Falco Howard 等,《Chinese Sculpture》,北京,2006年,圖版3.82。