拍品 3029
  • 3029

明宣德 青花礬紅彩「海獸圖」高足盃 《大明宣德年製》款

估價
25,000,000 - 35,000,000 HKD
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描述

  • 《大明宣德年製》款
  • Ceramics
finely potted with deep rounded sides rising to an everted rim, supported on a tall splayed stem with a sealed flat base, superbly painted around the exterior in deep shades of underglaze blue accented with 'heaping and piling', the cup with nine fabulous animals against an iron-red ground of turbulent waves, including a fish dragon and a winged carp leaping above the frothing crests, a bee-like insect staring with globular eyes, four galloping quadrupeds with flaming haunches including a qilin, a deer, a dragon-headed horse longma and a ram, together with a winged elephant and rat, all between double line borders encircling the rim and waist, the stem similarly decorated with three further animals above iron-red waves comprising the leaping winged carp, the bee-like insect and a squirrel nestled in a conch, above five pointed jagged rocks evenly spread around the foot, the interior of the cup left white and inscribed in underglaze blue with a six-character reign mark within double circles repeated at the rim, the base unglazed revealing the smooth white biscuit

來源

繭山龍泉堂,東京
日本私人收藏

出版

《世界陶磁全集》,卷11:元明篇,東京,1961年,圖版10
小山富士夫,《陶器講座》,卷7:元-明,東京,1971 年,圖版84
《世界陶磁全集》,卷14:明,東京,1976年,彩圖185
《龍泉集芳:創業七十周年記念》,東京,1976 年,卷2,圖版785

Condition

The stemcup is in overall good condition. There is surface wear and scratches on the interior. There is an original tiny trimming mark to the biscuit body on the edge of the footring. The iron-red enamel on the exterior of the bowl and on the stem has been very well preserved.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

宣德肇創:青花礬紅彩「海獸」圖高足盃
Hajni Elias

高足盃如斯,巧繪精製,細畫傳說海獸乘浪飛騰,活靈活現,賞心悅目,誠明初江西景德鎮御器廠杰作佳品。繪飾相類海獸圖樣之高足盃,據錄,他例僅三,極為罕見,卻標誌着中國瓷藝燒製及裝飾的重要創新。宣德年間,景德鎮瓷匠初次結合釉下青花及釉上彩料,並如此品上見,首用以氧化鐵為呈色劑之礬紅彩,取締高溫銅紅,讓藝匠更精準地繪畫細緻,與釉下青花相輝相映。要以礬紅代銅紅,倚仗複燒新技,即先以釉下鈷青繪局部圖樣,如此高足盃上之海獸及高足上之石紋等,以高溫燒成,再添釉上礬紅,如本品上之波濤,以較低溫度複燒始成。其紅若旭日,藍如琉璃,對比鮮明奪目,結合複燒之青花礬紅器,無疑乃中國彩瓷發展史上重要的里程碑。

與此器樣式近似之高足盃例,最早見於永樂一朝,1984年自景德鎮珠山永樂地層出土,其外壁以釉裏紅飾相類靈獸共十三,遨遊於釉下青花江崖海水之間,圖見《景德鎮珠山出土永樂宣德官窰瓷器展覽》,香港,1989年,圖版37(圖一)。同類紋飾配搭也見於一宣德年款高足盃,其與永樂器形尺寸相近,卻只繪十二白地釉裏紅海獸,惟欠水波,錄於展覽圖錄《景德鎮出土明宣德官窰瓷器》,鴻禧美術館,台北,1998年,圖版45-2(圖二)。該器或為實驗之作,是以隙地留白。與本品紋樣及色彩搭配相近之例,據知有三:台北國立故宮博物院藏器,收錄於該院《明宣德瓷器特展》,國立故宮博物院,台北,1980年,編號134;另一例先後入葉義醫生及天民樓典藏,圖見於《天民樓藏瓷》,卷2,香港藝術館,香港,1987年,圖版66,且收於敏求精舍展覽《中國陶瓷雅集》,香港,1980年,編號92,曾售於香港蘇富比1984年11月19日,編號204(圖三);第三例原屬紐約 Andrew L. and Amanda Adams Love 舊藏,售於紐約佳士得2005年9月20日,編號251。

與本品器形大小相若之例,也有顏色配置對調者,即青花海水礬紅海獸。其中一例現藏克里夫蘭藝術博物館,圖見 Daisy Lion-Goldschmidt,《Ming Porcelain》,倫敦,1978年,圖版63。故宮舊藏另有一器,現仍存北京,刊於《故宮博物院藏文物珍品全集.青花釉裏紅(上)》,上海,2000年,圖版231(圖四)。上海博物館也有一例,圖見陸明華,《上海博物館藏品研究大系:明代官窰瓷器》,上海,2007年,圖版3-51。

相近海獸圖飾,據錄也有青花例,其靈獸留白,游戈於寶藍海水中,例可參見大英博物館藏品,收錄於 Jessica Harrison-Hall,《Ming Ceramics in the British Museum》,倫敦,2001年,頁128,圖版4:13,書中作者提及國立故宮博物院存十四件海獸梵文高足盃例,皆書梵文九字,意受佛法疪護,可推想此類瓷器或曾用於藏傳佛教祭典。有關宣德高足盃與紋飾相配之藏式僧帽壺的關係,以及它們於宗教典禮中之使用,詳見 Hajni Elias,〈Chinese “Monk’s Cap” Ewers. A Story of Religious, Political and Cultural Relations〉,《Arts of Asia》,卷43,編號2,2013年,頁106-117。

宣德以後,須待成化年間,海獸紋樣始見復興,且飾於盌、盤、罐等各式瓷品。例可見一高足盃(圖五),先後屬 Frank Swettenham 爵士、W.W. Winkworth 及 Walter Sedgwick 夫人雅蓄,圖見 Soame Jenyns,《Ming Pottery and Porcelain》,倫敦,1953年,圖版66A,最後一次現於拍賣場乃倫敦蘇富比,於1973年11月27日售出,編號310。Rockefeller 典藏另存一例,見於 China Institute of America 展覽《Ming Porcelains》,紐約,1970年,編號20。

陳擎光於〈Sea Creatures on Ming Imperial Porcelains〉中,曾就此海獸紋飾詳作討論,該文錄於《景德鎮磁器》,Colloquies on Art and Archaeology in Asia,編號16,倫敦,1993年,頁101-22。陳擎光指明初海獸紋或與《山海經》內描寫之瑞獸有關。《山海經》相信最早由西漢劉向父子校刊,東晉年間郭璞又曾為其繪圖作注,典籍涵蓋天文、地理、醫術及科技,相對當今省域而言,東至山東,南及廣東,西抵新疆,北達內蒙,覆蓋範圍極廣,為學者提供歷史、文化、風俗、考古、植物、地形、神話、土物、巫術、宗教信仰等的重要研究材料。文中陳擎光更列出台北國立故宮博物院藏之61件飾有海獸圖案之明代瓷器。