安德烈亞斯·古爾斯基

Galerie Monika Sprüth, Cologne

Princess Gloria von Thurn und Taxis Collection

Sale: Phillips de Pury & Company, New York, Princess Gloria von Thurn und Taxis Collection, 7 November 2005, Lot 31

Acquired directly from the above by the present owner

Exhibition Catalogue, Wolfsburg, Kunstmuseum; Winterthur, Fotomuseum; London, Serpentine Gallery; Edinburgh, Scottish National Gallery; Rivoli, Castello di Rivoli, Museo d'Arte Contemporanea; Lisbon, Centro Cultural de Belém, Andreas Gursky - Photographs from 1984 to the Present, 1998, p. 55, illustration of another example in colour

Exhibition Catalogue, Milwakee, Art Museum; Seattle, Henry Art Gallery; Houston, Contemporary Arts Museum; Columbus, Museum of Art, Andreas Gursky, 1998-99, cover and no. 7, illustration of another example in colour

Exhibition Catalogue, Krefeld, Krefeld Kunstmuseum, Haus Lange und Haus Esters; Stockholm, Moderna Museet; Vancouver, Vancouver Art Gallery, Andreas Gursky. Werke - Works 80-08, 2009, p. 155, illustration of another example in colour

Colour: The colours in the catalogue illustration are fairly accurate, although the overall tonality is slightly more vibrant in the original. Condition: This work is in very good condition. Close inspection reveals a minute irregularity to the print to the left of the computer screens on the top, and a further one 40cm. to the right of this. There is a small rub mark to the white border, approximately 50cm. from the top edge. There is a small, faint scratch towards the bottom right corner of the frame.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Chicago Mercantile Exchange offers an exemplary and arresting composition of striking colour and densely packed pictorial stimuli, that has become synonymous with Andreas Gursky’s most iconic and visually rewarding series: ‘The Stock Exchanges’. Executed in 1997, at mid-point of the series, the current work is closely connected to Chicago Board of Trade I, from the same year, and deserves to rank alongside its counterpart as one of the most compositionally striking of the entire group. During the 1980s, Gursky emerged as one of the clear leaders amongst a group of German photographers schooled by the eminent professors Bernd and Hilla Becher. The Bechers' teaching concentrated on the formal structure and documentary aspects of photography, and Gursky absorbed their systematically objective and rigorously conceptual style. Whilst Gursky’s early works had focussed primarily on local German scenes, by the 1990s, the artist’s choice of subjects had become far more international in scope and larger in scale, as Peter Galassi has declared: “Gursky’s world of the 1990s is big, high-tech, fast paced, expensive and global. Within it the anonymous individual is but one among many” (Peter Galassi, ‘Gursky’s World’ in Exhibition Catalogue, New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Andreas Gursky, 2001, p. 29).

The trading floors of the world’s financial markets are icons of capitalism and a model site of modernity. When explaining one of his images, Gursky claimed he wanted to create the ‘most contemporary possible view’ (the artist cited in: Lynne Cooke, ‘Andreas Gursky: Visionary (Per)versions’ in: Exhibition Catalogue, Düsseldorf, Kunsthalle Düsseldorf, Andreas Gursky – Photographs from 1984 to the Present, 1998, p. 14). Capturing the place of refined financial speculation and the circulation of money, Chicago Mercantile Exchange serves as a wider metaphor the socioeconomic topography of our era. The Stock Exchange images, the first of which was Tokyo Stock Exchange  (1990), belong firmly within this newly articulated monumental style in which everyday scenes within huge public spaces are played out epically in front of Gursky’s incisively controlled lens.  Dr Nina Zimmer has enunciated the immense importance of this series of works, “Few artists have managed to distil the specific characteristics of a certain culture, the mind-set of a generation, or the zeitgeist of an era into a single work. Just as a handful of iconic paintings have shaped our view of the Renaissance, so too has Andreas Gursky captured the essence of the economic and social situation of the late twentieth century” (Exhibition Catalogue, Kunstmuseum Basel, Andreas Gursky, 2007-08, p. 69). Chicago Mercantile Exchange encapsulates this concept, providing a record of this uniquely charged environment for posterity.

Founded in 1898, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange had recorded an astonishing 1 billion transactions by 2004. Gursky captures the excitement of an economic powerhouse at work in the tightly orchestrated Chicago Mercantile Exchange, recording the serried ranks of traders, clerks and brokers negotiating animatedly, their arms flailing in frenzy as fortunes rise. The intense orange of trading coats swirl and enlighten the composition, whilst the commodity screens blink brightly in the background, fuelling the anticipation below. The rows of desks that rise up at the side of the chamber give, in comparison to Chicago Board of Trade,  a striking horizontal emphasis to the composition, a distinctive element within other Gursky works of this period. Art historian Beate Soentgen has argued that Gursky's insistence on horizontality reinforces the link between his photographs and the technical elements of painting, asserting that, "the way in which Gursky uses the [horizontal] bands seems to activate the expressive pictorial structure the Abstract Expressionists already borrowed from Romanticism, as much as it does the explicitly expressionless order of Minimalist or Conceptualist pictures...we cannot be sure whether the expression stems from the represented things or from the representation" (Beate Soentgen in Ibid., p. 55). Safely removed from the mass hysteria of the crowd, the viewer is granted an enviable perspective, gazing down towards the hundreds of anonymous figures with an intriguing God’s-eye view of the scene, removed from the frenetic pace of the trading floor.

Since the early 1990s, Gursky has employed computer technology within his work, enabling multiple superimpositions of figures and adding greater depth and complexity to the composition. The artist recalled, “Since  1992 I have consciously made use of the possibilities offered by electronic picture processing, so as to emphasise formal elements that will enhance the picture, or, for example, to apply a picture concept that in real terms of perspective would be impossible to realise” (the artist cited in: Op. Cit, p. 14). Within Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Gursky conflates a multiplicity of moments into a single instant to create a work of sweeping breadth and powerful intensity.