Paul Gauguin

(probably) Theo van Gogh, Paris (on consignment from the artist)

Paul Gauguin, Paris (returned by the above circa November 1893) 

Dr. Maurice Marx, Paris (acquired directly from the artist by 1906)

Denquin Collection, Paris (acquired by descent from the above circa 1952)

Harry Frank Guggenheim, New York (acquired circa 1955)

Nassau County, New York (acquired as a gift from the above in 1971)

The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, New York (from the above)

John Rewald, Post-Impressionism: From Van Gogh to Gauguin, New York, 1956, p. 442, illustrated (titled The Black Virgin and dated 1888-90)

Herbert E. Read, “Gauguin: Return to Symbolism,” Art News Annual, vol. 15, no. 25, 1956, p. 154, illustrated (titled The Black Virgin)

Robert J. Goldwater, Paul Gauguin, New York, 1957, p. 32, illustrated (titled The Black Virgin and dated 1889-90) Christopher Gray, Sculpture and Ceramics of Paul Gauguin, Baltimore, 1963, no. 91, pp. 31-32; p. 93., pl. VIII and pp. 212-13, illustrated (titled Black Venus)

Merete Bodelson, Gauguin’s Ceramics: A Study in the Development of his Art, London, 1964, p. 120; p. 121, illustrated; pp. 127-28; p. 138; p. 162; p. 189; p. 217 (notes 66 and 67); p. 223; pp. 225-26 and p. 234 (titled Black Venus)

Milton Lomask, Seed Money: The Guggenheim Story, New York, 1964, p. 76

Wayne V. Andersen, "Christopher Gray, 'Sculpture and Ceramics of Paul Gauguin,’" Art Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 4, December 1964, p. 580; pp. 582-83 (titled Black Venus and dated circa 1889)

Vojtěch Jirat-Wasiutyński, "Gauguin in the Context of Symbolism," vol. 1, PhD dissertation, Princeton University, 1975, p. 376 (note 2); p. 380; pp. 424-27 and p. 433 (titled Black Venus)

Douglas Cooper, ed., Paul Gauguin: 45 Lettres à Vincent, Théo et Jo van Gogh; Collection Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh, Amsterdam, The Hague and Lausanne, 1983, pp. 106-07 (note 9); pp. 112-13 (note 7) and pp. 140-41 (note 3) (titled Venus noire)

Ziva Amishai-Maisels, Gauguin's Religious Themes, New York and London, 1985, pp. 177-79; p. 205 (notes 11 and 12); pp. 252-53; p. 531; n.p., no. 66, illustrated

Karen Kristine Rechnitzer Pope, "Gauguin and Martinique" PhD dissertation, Ann Arbor, 1985, p. 183; p. 184 (note 182), p. 376, illustrated (titled Black Venus)

John Richardson, A Life of Picasso, vol. I, New York, 1991, p. 460, illustrated; p. 461 (titled The Black Woman)

Charles F. Stuckey, "L'Énigme des pieds coupés," Gauguin: Actes du colloque Gauguin; Musée d'Orsay, 11-13 janvier 1989, Paris, 1991, pp. 53-54

John Richardson, A Life of Picasso, vol. I, 1881-1906, New York, 1991, p. 460, illustrated

Douglas W. Druick and Peter Zegers, "Le Kampong et la pagode: Gauguin à l'exposition universelle de 1889," Gauguin: Actes du colloque Gauguin; Musée d'Orsay, 11-13 janvier 1989, Paris, 1991, pp. 122-23; p. 139 (notes 59 and 60); illustrated (titled Venus noire and Femme noire)

(possibly) Victor Merlhès, De Bretagne en Polynésie: Paul Gauguin. Pages inédites, Papeete, 1995, p. 30

Exh. Cat., Graz, Landemusuem Joanneum, Paul Gauguin: von der Bretagne nach Tahiti: ein Aufbruch zur Moderne, 2000, pp. 50-51; p. 58 (note 33); p. 59 (note 38; titled Femme noire); p. 134; p. 137 (note 33; titled Vénus noire)

Carole Andréani, Les Céramiques de Gauguin, Paris, 2003, no. 84, p. 125, illustrated in color (titled Vénus noire)

Irwin and Debi Unger, The Guggenheims: A Family History, New York, 2005, p. 242

Henri Dorra, The Symbolism of Paul Gauguin: Erotica, Exotica, and the Great Dilemmas of Humanity, Berkeley, 2007, p. 109; no. 63, p. 138, illustrated in color; pp. 139-40 (titled Black Venus)

Leo Jansen, Hans Luijten and Nienke Bakker, eds., Vincent van Gogh: The Letters, The Complete Illustrated and Annotated Edition, vol. V, Amsterdam and The Hague, 2009, no. 774, p. 17 (note 8)

June Hargrove, Gauguin, Paris, 2017, no. 183, p. 160, illustrated in color; p. 161 (titled Vénus noire)

Exh. Cat., Art Institute of Chicago and Paris, Grand Palais, Gauguin: Artist as Alchemist, 2017-18, pp. 65 and 70 (note 9)

(titled Black Venus)

Dirk Smillie, The Business of Tomorrow: The Visionary Life of Harry Guggenheim—from Aviation and Rocketry to the Creation of an Art Dynasty, New York and London, 2021, p. 91 (titled The Black Venus)

Paris, Galerie Durand-Ruel, Exposition d’oeuvres récentes de Paul Gauguin, 1893, no. 45, p. 10 

Paris, Grand Palais, Salon d’Automne, 4éme Exposition, Gauguin Retrospective, 1906, no. 227, p. 201 (titled Vénus noire)

(possibly) Vienna, Galerie Miethke and Budapest, Nemzeti Szalon, Paul Gauguin (und französische Postimpressionisten), 1907, no. 1 (titled Eva und Die Schlange; Vienna only)

Venice, Biennale, Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia; Mostra Retrospettiva di Paul Gauguin, 1928, no. 16, p. 200 (titled Salomé)

Paris, Gazette des Beaux-Arts, La Vie Ardente de Paul Gauguin, 1936-37, no. 18, p. 35 (titled Vénus noire)

Paris, Musée de l’Orangerie, Gauguin Exposition du Centenaire, 1949, no. 89 (titled Vénus noire)

Art Institute of Chicago and New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gauguin, Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Sculpture, 1959, no. 119, p. 73, illustrated (titled Black Venus and dated circa 1888)

National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.; Art Institute of Chicago and Paris, Grand Palais, The Art of Paul Gauguin, 1988-89, no. 85, p. 152 (Washington D.C. and Chicago), illustrated in color (titled The Black Woman, or Black Venus); no. 86, p. 162

(Paris), illustrated in color (titled Vénus noire)

Art Institute of Chicago and Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum, Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Studio of the South, 2001-02, no. 39, p. 282, illustrated in color (titled Salome (known as Black Venus)) (exhibited in Chicago only)

New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Lure of the Exotic: Gauguin in New York Collections, 2002, no. 33, p. 53, illustrated in color; p. 172, illustrated (in an installation of the 1959 Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition); pp. 173 and 220 Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bomemisza and Fundación Caja Madrid, Gauguin y los orígenes del Simbolismo, 2004-05, no. 64, p. 182, illustrated in color; p. 323 (titled Black Venus)

London, Tate Modern and Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, Gauguin: Maker of Myth, 2010-11, no. 97, pp. 28 and 156; p. 164, illustrated in color; p. 240 (titled Black Venus)

Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum, Gauguin and Laval in Martinique, 2018-19, no. 128, p. 137, illustrated in color; p. 172 (titled Black Venus)