A yellowish-celadon and russet jade 'human face' ornament, Inner Mongolia, Neolithic period, 3rd millennium BC | 新石器時代 公元前三千年 內蒙古青黃玉人面飾

Angus Forsyth, 'Five Chinese Jade Figures: A Study of the Development of Sculptural Form in Hongshan Neolithic Jade Working’, Orientations, May 1990, fig. 2.

Jenny F. So and Janet G. Douglas, ‘Understanding and Identifying Jades from the Hongshan Culture’, East Asian Jade: Symbol of Excellence, vol. 1, Hong Kong, 1998, fig. 15.13.

Wu Hung, 'A Great Beginning: Ancient Chinese Jades and the Origin of Ritual Art', Chinese Jades from the Mu-Fei Collection, London, 1990, fig 5.

霍璽，〈Five Chinese Jade Figures: A Study of the Development of Sculptural Form in Hongshan Neolithic Jade Working〉，《Orientations》，1990年5月，圖 2

蘇芳淑及 Janet G. Douglas，〈Understanding and Identifying Jades from the Hongshan Culture〉，《東亞玉器》，卷1，香港，1998年，圖15.13

巫鴻，〈A Great Beginning: Ancient Chinese Jades and the Origin of Ritual Art〉，《木扉珍藏玉器》，倫敦，1990年，圖5

The present lot belongs to a rare group of jade 'human face' ornaments which have long been associated with the Neolithic Hongshan culture. A closely related face ornament from Inner Mongolia, late Neolithic period, showing the similar middle-parted hairstyle, is published in Weng Xuehuai, 'Shiqian renmian zaoxing yushiqi yanjiu [A study on prehistoric 'human face' jade carvings]', Yang Jin and Jiang Weidong, eds, Jade Soul and the National Spirit: Selected Papers from the Academic Conference on the Ancient Chinese Jade and Traditional Culture, vol. 5, Hangzhou, 2012, fig. 5. And another also from Inner Mongolia, is published in Tracing the Source of the Liaohe River Civilization: The Formative Period of Chinese Civilization, Beijing, 2011, p. 149.

青黃玉人面飾在紅山類型文化玉器中較為少見，見內蒙古出土兩例，人物五官及髮型極為相似，見翁雪花，〈史前人面造型玉石器研究〉，楊晶、蔣衛東主編，《玉魂國魄：中國古代玉器與傳統文化學術研討會文集（五）》，杭州，2012，圖5。內蒙古出土另一例，見《遼河尋根 文明溯源：中華文明起源展》，北京，2011年，頁149。