Lamqua (fl. 1820-1860) Portrait of the Hong Merchant Howqua | 林呱（活躍於1820-1860年） 浩官畫像 布本油畫 木框

Martyn Gregory, London.

By descent since the 1830s in the family of Andrew Johnstone, who was the brother-in-law of William Jardine and a partner of Jardine Matheson in 1835-1836.

Martyn Gregory，倫敦

怡和洋行合伙人 Andrew Johnstone 收藏，自1830年代由家族傳承

Patrick Conner, 'The China Coast Collection of Tuyet Nguyet and Stephen Markbreiter', Arts of Asia, March-April 1996, cover.

Patrick Conner，〈The China Coast Collection of Tuyet Nguyet and Stephen Markbreiter〉，《Arts of Asia》，1996年3/4月，封面

Journey to the Far East - George Chinnery and the Art of Canton, Macao and Hong Kong in the 19th Century, Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum, 7th December 1996 to 11th February 1997, cat. no. 111.

《遥かなる東洋紀行：ジョージ・チネリーと知られざる19世紀広東・マカオ・香港の美術展》，東京都庭園美術館，1996年12月7日至1997年2月11日，編號111

Howqua refers to the representative of the thirteen factories among the Guangzhou merchants. The subject of this portrait is probably Wu Bingjian (1769-1843), the wealthiest man in the world during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods, or his fifth son, Wu Shaorong (1833-1856).

畫中人應為浩官行商人，嘉道時期之世界首富伍秉鑑（1769-1843年）或其五子伍紹榮（1833-1856年）。