ROY LICHTENSTEIN | Cubist Still Life

李奧·卡斯特尼畫廊，紐約（LC#688）
現藏家1974年購自上述畫廊

聖路易，聖路易藝術博物館；西雅圖，西雅圖藝術博物館；紐約，惠特尼美國藝術博物館；沃斯堡，沃斯堡藝術博物館，〈羅伊·李奇登斯坦1970-1980年〉，1981年5月-1983年2月，84頁載彩圖

利物浦，利物浦泰特藝術館，〈羅伊·李奇登斯坦〉，1993年2-4月，43頁，品號23，載彩圖

米蘭，三年展博物館，〈羅伊·李奇登斯坦：思考藝術〉，2010年1-5月，202頁載彩圖

澤西，澤西博物館及美術館，〈隱藏的寶藏－現代大師〉，2011年4-12月

Colour: The colour in the catalogue illustration is fairly accurate, although the overall tonality is brighter and more vibrant in the original. The red is brighter and the illustration fails to fully convey the reflective and highly textured nature of the silver paint in the original. Condition: Please refer to the department for a professional condition report.
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Fusing a playful bright palette and a rigorous intellectual project, Cubist Still Life is a stunning articulation of Roy Lichtenstein’s brilliant command of line, colour and concept. Between 1972 and 1976, Lichtenstein composed a series of Still Life paintings in a plethora of art historical styles, ranging from nineteenth-century American still life, to Abstraction, Purism and Cubism. Extraordinarily rare, the present work is one of eleven Cubist Still Life paintings made between 1973 and 1975, and is one of only two from this group in which Lichtenstein used silver paint mixed with sand taken from the beach near his studio in Southampton, Long Island (the other such work - Cubist Still Life with Pipe (1974) - is held at The Broad in Los Angeles). Paying homage to the groundbreaking Cubist legacy of Pablo Picasso and in particular Juan Gris, the central pipe in the foreground of the present work, as well as the picture frame just behind, are pointedly redolent of Gris’ Synthetic Cubist works Water Bottle, Bottle and Fruit Dish (1915) and Guitar and Pipe (1913). Chosen by the present owner during a visit to the artist’s studio in 1974, Cubist Still Life was sought out by curator Jack Cowart – now Head of the Roy Lichtenstein Foundation – for inclusion in the landmark exhibition Roy Lichtenstein 1970-1980 which travelled from The Saint Louis Art Museum to the Seattle Art Museum, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York and Fort Worth Art Museum. In a letter imploring the present owner to include the work in this show, Jack Cowart wrote: “the artist and I have been actively working for the last twelve months on the selection of those 50 paintings, 40 drawings, and 10 sculptures which will comprise the American tour. We are in agreement that your painting, Cubist Still Life, 1974, is the very best of its kind and is a work which we clearly need and fervently desire to represent Roy’s work of the period” (Jack Cowart, letter to the present owner, 23^rd June 1980). Also included in Tate Liverpool’s Roy Lichtenstein exhibition in 1992 and Roy Lichtenstein: Meditations on Art at the Museo Triennale, Milan in 2010, this work is undoubtedly a standout example of the artist’s acclaimed Pop art take on the canon of Modernist art.

In an ingenious pre-emption of the work of Sherrie Levine, Louise Lawler and Laurie Simmons within the Pictures Generation, Lichtenstein began to sample and refigure art historical paradigms from as early as 1962 through his work Femme au Chapeau after Picasso. Almost two decades before these artists launched their projects of appropriation and recontextualisation, Lichtenstein made pioneering headway in these postmodern practices. In Cubist Still Life, the artist makes use of sand and imitation wood grain to incarnate the papier collé and collage of Synthetic Cubism: an aesthetic spearheaded by Juan Gris and Pablo Picasso and characterised by the conglomeration of multiple materials and textures in the same work. Rather than deconstructing the object in accordance with Analytical Cubism – producing a fragmented image capturing all possible ways of perceiving it – Gris specifically depicted colourful, recognisable objects through tactile and three-dimensional surfaces that bordered on sculpture. Extending these gestures, Picasso created a number of works that literalised the suggestions of Synthetic Cubist painting within wooden sculpture. Thus, Cubist Still Life is principally an exceptional eulogy to the works of Gris and Picasso: its incorporation of sand recalling Gris’ Violin and Engraving (1913), and its imitation wood grain a reference to Picasso’s sculptural works such as Still Life (1914) and Violin and Bottle on a Table (1915). 

There is also, however, a sustained conceptuality to the present work. The disjointed banana at the centre appears partly magnified by a glass lens and recalls the Mirrors of the early 1970s. Realised with invariant humour, the Mirrors announced a newfound interest in the mediations of contemporaneity; their reflections of Ben Day dots serving as a metaphor for the homogenising filter of postmodern retrospection. Lichtenstein was interested in how historic visual languages are recycled in contemporary life, and he embarked on the Still Lifes not to represent Cubist or Purist painting, but rather to represent their representations in decoration, marketing, film and pastiche. Moreover, Cubist Still Life is a beautiful thing in its own right. Indeed, Lichtenstein wanted his Still Lifes to be stunning additions to an interior space: the very kind of thing – ironically – that we might want to capture within a Still Life painting.

Hence, Lichtenstein’s Cubist Still Life works are, paradoxically, not Cubist at all; rather they are “cubistic and elegant. He intends them to be like a decorator’s cubism, with plays of pattern and color, Harlequin designs, and prismatic dislocations” (Jack Cowart cited in: Exh. Cat., St. Louis, The St. Louis Art Museum, Roy Lichtenstein: 1970 - 1980, 1981, p. 78). Given Lichtenstein’s eye for recognisability and wall-power, it stands to reason that Gris’ still life works – whose objects “[gave] the impression of having… an exact equivalent in the material world” – appealed to Lichtenstein more than any other (John Golding, Cubism: A History and An Analysis: 1907 - 1914, London 1959, p. 135). Cowart corroborates this view, suggesting that “if there are sources for this evolution, they are in the works of Léger and more especially Juan Gris…Gris’s inventive unpredictable subjects and highly finished decisive-looking renderings interest Lichtenstein” (Jack Cowart, op. cit., p. 82).

There is a palpable eroticism to the objects in Cubist Still Life. Exuding a luscious sheen not unlike the cherry in Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen’s sculpture Spoonbridge and Cherry (1985-88), the apple on the far right is pierced by the sharp edge of the central plane, and a pert, nipple-like lemon rests atop the patently phallic mirror imagery of the banana and pipe. In the present work Lichtenstein builds upon enduring art historical traditions that extend back to the Byzantine and Roman eras: the eroticism of fruit as borne out in Baroque and seventeenth-century Dutch schools, and the tradition of Vanitas and Nature morte which remind the viewer of life’s morbidity and ephemerality. By contrast, Lichtenstein’s glossy figures locate sex within a context of levity, modernity and commerciality. Richard Hamilton’s rhetorical question – ‘Just what is it that makes today’s homes so different, so appealing?’ – appears answered within the image-fetish and felt sexuality of Cubist Still Life.

Tom Wesselmann – Lichtenstein’s astute Pop art peer – blurred the dichotomy between the authentic and the copy in his Still Life works; installing uncanny versions of nineteenth-century century portraiture and de Stijl paintings onto the walls of his interior spaces. Likewise, Lichtenstein’s motif of the imitation woodgrain is a way of playing on the concept of authenticity with which woodgrain is associated. The symbol is a kind of paradox: the stamp of an authentic Pop art work that rejects, implicitly, the notion of authenticity. Indeed the imitation woodgrain was so significant an image that it was sometimes designated as the principal subject; for example in Painting with Blue and Yellow Wood Grain (1983). Serving as a perfect example of Lichtenstein’s project as well as boasting some of the rarest qualities possessed by any member of his oeuvre, Cubist Still Life performs both a tribute to and transformation of some of the most important landmarks in early twentieth-century art history.