- 28
Tapisserie mille-fleurs, Pays-Bas méridionnaux, vers 1500-1530
Description
- wool
- approx. 142 x 248 cm; 4 2/3 x 8 1/4 ft
Provenance
Condition
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
Catalogue Note
Ce panneau représente trois personnages et des animaux, notamment une jeune femme assise sur laquelle se repose une licorne. Les autres personnages tenant respectivement un oiseau et une belette sont placés sur un fond de fleurs identifiables et associées à une symbolique médiévale. On a suggéré autrefois que les initiales AE, présentes sur la besace en cuir du personnage masculin, pourraient être associées à Anne de Bretagne. Cette hypothèse a depuis été réfutée. En effet, on retrouve aussi les initiales A et E sur une série de sept tapisseries représentant « La Chasse à la licorne » (Cloisters, Metropolitan Museum, New York) qui semblent avoir été tissées vers 1495-1505, pour François, fils de Jean II de La Rochefoucauld et de Marguerite de Barbezieux : cette tenture appartint à la famille de La Rochefoucauld pendant plusieurs siècles et il est probable que ces lettres apparaissent car ce sont les premières et dernières lettres de sa première épouse Antoinette d’Amboise et de son fils Antoine.
Pour une analyse complète et des exemples comparables de tapisserie avec des personnages et des animaux sur fond mille-fleurs et indigo, voir ceux répertoriés au Musée de Cluny à Paris et au Metropolitan Museum de New York (Adolph Cavallo, Medieval Tapestries in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993, cat. n°34-38, pp. 479-501, et F. Joubert, Musée national du Moyen Age, Thermes de Cluny, La tapisserie médiévale, Paris, 2002, VIII, La Tenture de la Vie Seigneuriale, cat. n°92-97, pp. 104-121).
The most unique allegorical mille-fleurs tapestry series is ‘The Lady with the Unicorn’ (Musée Cluny, Paris), with each panel including a unicorn, birds and animals, and interpreted as an allegory of the five senses, and very distinctly set against a madder ground. There are examples of the distinct style of small groups of figures against a mille-fleurs and indigo ground, which not only represent allegorical scenes, but also biblical figures and the virtues attributed to them. The unicorn is an ambiguous symbol of female chastity, with profane and religious aspects. In antiquity it was associated with the worship of the virgin mother goddess and related to the incarnation of Christ, and this spirituality and the power the unicorn had to purify, were attributes that stayed with it. As a profane allegory of chastity the female figure and virgin were used on the occasion of betrothals. In the 15th and 16th century, the subject of the hortus conclusus, depicted in tapestries, showed the young female (virgin) having captured the unicorn, and the subject is found on tapestries produced in the Rhine and Switzerland, as well as in France and Flanders.
The present panel shows three figures, with animals, including the seated female figure with the unicorn resting next to her. The other figures hold a bird and weasel respectively, and are against a ground of recognisable flowers that in turn have symbolism in the medieval world. The initials AE, which are marked on the leather bag of the male figure, proposed to be associated with Anne of Brittany. Interestingly this association related to other tapestries has been refuted. The initials A and E are found on the series of seven tapestries depicting the ‘Hunts of the Unicorn’ (Cloisters, Metropolitan Museum, New York), considered to have been woven circa 1495-1505, for François, son of Jean II de La Rochefoucauld and Marguerite de Barbezieux. The series was owned by the La Rochefoucauld family of France for several centuries, and is proposed to stand for the first and last initials of his first wife Antoinette of Amboise, and his son Antoine.
For comprehensive discussion and examples of comparable tapestries, of figures and animals against indigo mille-fleurs grounds, see those recorded in the Cluny Museum, Paris, and the Metropolitan Museum, New York.
Adolph Cavallo, Medieval Tapestries in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993, cat. no. 34-38, pp.479-501.
F. Joubert, Musée national du Moyen Age, Thermes de Cluny, La tapisserie médiévale, Paris, 2002, VIII, La Tenture de la Vie Seigneuriale, Cat. no. 92-97, pp.104-121.