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Sceptre, Luba, République Démocratique du Congo
Description
- Luba
- Sceptre
- wood, fibers, glass, shell
- haut. 64 cm
- 25 in
Provenance
Michael Oliver, New York
Bryce Holcombe, New York
Pace Primitive, New York
Collection Daniel et Marian Malcolm, Tenafly, New Jersey, acquis en mars 1982
Exhibited
Montclair, New jersey, The Montclair Art museum, African Art in New Jersey Collections, 30 janvier - 10 avril 1983
New York, Museum of African Art, Memory: Luba Art and Making of History, 2 février - 8 septembre 1996; Washington, D.C., National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, 30 octobre 1996 - 26 janvier 1997; Wellesley, Massachusetts, Davis Museum & Cultural Center, Wellesley College, 5 février - 7 juin 1998
Literature
Rubin, African Accumulative Sculpture : Power and Display, 1974, p. 60, n° 155
Mount, African Art from New Jersey Collections, 1983, p. 15, n° 14
McKesson, “Collection Marian & Daniel Malcolm”, in Art d’Afrique noire, n° 54, été 1985, p. 14
Nooter Roberts et Roberts, Memory: Luba Art and The Making of History, 1996, p. 73, n° 23
Bergeron, “Les ersatz de l’amour; les faux-semblant du désir”, in Savoirs, vol. 5, n° 1-2, septembre 2000, p. 185
Nooter Roberts et Roberts, Luba, 2007, p. 64, n° 3
Schweizer, Visions of Grace: 100 Masterpieces from the Collection of Daniel and Marian Malcolm, 2014, p. 220-223, cat n° 89
Condition
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."
Catalogue Note
Dans la tradition Luba, « abandonner sa canne équivaut à abandonner son pouvoir. L’abandonner à une autre famille consiste à abandonner le titre de sa propre famille » (idem, p. 39). L'iconographie, autant que les attributs superbement conservés ici, revêtent un sens majeur : ils activent le statut du dirigeant et sont des témoins puissants de l’autorité et du pouvoir de sa famille. La jeune femme au sommet incarne le rôle prédominant de la femme dans la culture Luba et évoque probablement un personnage précis, lié à l’histoire de la chefferie (idem). Représentée dans un geste d'offrande, elle arbore les signes de beauté prisés en pays Luba, témoignant de son intégrité morale. Enfin, les élément ajoutés rappellent le lien fondamental entre le pouvoir politique et les puissances spirituelles : « les attaches métalliques de la chevelure maintiennent les esprits en place, les cauris augmentent l’intériorisation, les perles sont porteuses de connaissance et de mémoire ; quant aux scarifications, elles transforment la représentation en support plus désirable pour les esprits » (idem, p. 126).
Objet de mémoire et emblème d’un pouvoir temporel et spirituel, le sceptre de la collection Malcolm témoigne tant de l’histoire d’une famille princière que du raffinement le plus remarquable de l’art Luba.
Luba sceptre, Democratic Republic of the Congo
For the Luba people, sceptres (or “dignitaries’ staffs”), known as kibango, played a major role in political and social life. A majestic example of the royal art of the Luba, the sceptre from the Malcolm collection is part of a small corpus which François Neyt has attributed to the Kabongo-Kisula workshop (central Luba, Kabongo region; Neyt, Luba, aux sources du Zaïre, 1994 p. 215). It is closely related to the sceptre in the Brooklyn Museum (inv. no. 22.1132, collected before 1922) and to the sceptre in the Sainsbury Collection at the University of East Anglia, Norwich (inv. no. UEA 266, in Neyt, ibid., p. 135). Despite certain striking similarities between these works “no two Luba staffs are alike because each encodes the histories, genealogies and migrations of a particular family, lineage or chiefdom” (Nooter Roberts and Roberts, Luba, 2007, p. 38). The sceptre from the Malcolm collection is highly unusual for it's magnificent combination of strength and sensitivity.
According to Luba tradition, “to give away one’s staff is to give away one’s power. To lose it to another family is to give away the title of one’s own family.” (ibid., p. 39). The iconography and the accoutrements of the staff, which are extremely well preserved here, are of major importance, for they activate the leader’s status and are powerful witnesses to the authority and power of his family. The figure of a young woman which dominates this staff may refer to a particular historical character (op. cit.). Finally, the wealth of accoutrements testify to the link between political power and spiritual strength: “iron tacks in the hair hold the spirit within, cowries enhance insight, beads carry knowledge and memory, and scarification makes the figure a more desirable vessel for the spirit.” (ibid., p. 126).
A mnemonic object and an emblem of temporal and spiritual power, the sceptre from the Malcolm collection demonstrates both the history of a noble family and the remarkable refinement of Luba art.