- 40
Statue, Songye, République Démocratique du Congo
Description
- wood
- haut. 103 cm
- 40 1/2 in
Provenance
Collection privée, Belgique, acquis de la collection Plasmans entre 1988 et 1995 (avec les lots n° 25 et 26)
Literature
Neyt, Songye. La redoutable Statuaire Songye d’Afrique Centrale / Songye. The Formidable Statuary of Central Africa, 2004, p. 154-155, n° 120
Catalogue Note
Si Plasmans ne publia jamais ses précieuses archives, il les ouvrit à Dunja Hersak pour sa thèse de doctorat, suivie de l’ouvrage Songye. Masks and Figure sculpture (1985). Cette statue, alors encore conservée dans la collection Plasmans, y figure accompagnée de la mention : « Community magical figure from village Kyabola (sur la route menant de Kabinda à Tshofa). Eki chiefdom. Collected by Plasmans : cat. n° 65/346 ». Choisie par François Neyt pour illustrer le style développé par les sculpteurs Eki (tradition des Songye occidentaux), cette statue en exalte superbement, dans une ligne très sobre, les traits déterminants : visage ovoïde aux yeux en amande, plan nasal recouvert d’une lamelle de cuivre et de clous de laiton, bouche entrouverte et sertie de métal, cou solide et uni, membres inférieurs massifs reposant sur une épaisse base circulaire. Les bras puissants se replient à angle droit autour de la zone ombilicale chargée d’ingrédients magico-religieux. De la corne enfoncée dans la fontanelle, aux clous implantés sur la tête et sur la zone du torse et de l’ombilic, tout indique combien ce grand ancêtre nkisi était apte à protéger, pendant plusieurs générations, toute la communauté.
L’ensemble de ces éléments souligne combien la statuaire Songye relève d’un triple agencement social : le sculpteur, le forgeron (associé au pouvoir sacré des ancêtres) et le prêtre-devin (nganga). L’efficience de l’œuvre – devenant vecteur de forces cosmiques et de la présence ancestrale – est ici remarquablement traduite par l’imposante présence sculpturale, alliant puissance corporelle et sensibilité du visage. Elle traduit, par la main d'un grand sculpteur, toute la complexité et la richesse de la pensée Songye.
Between 1955 and 1972 agricultural engineer Karel Plasmans travelled across Songye country on behalf of the Cotongo. Fascinated by Songye art and culture, he primarily conducted research on oral traditions; his notes were later relied on by Dunja Hersak and Jean Willy Mestach for the respective books they published in 1985. Each mask and statue acquired by Plasmans in the field was documented with information specifying the place of acquisition, as well as the cult and ritual practices attached to it.
Although Plasmans never published his invaluable archives, he did open them to Dunja Hersak for his doctorate thesis which was followed by the book Songye. Masks and Figure sculpture (1985). This statue, then still held in the Plasmans collection, appeared within the archives with the following notice: « Community magical figure from village Kyabola (on the road from Kabinda to Tshofa). Eki chiefdom. Collected by Plasmans: cat. No. 65/346”. Selected by François Neyt to illustrate the style developed by Eki sculptors (Western Songye tradition), this statue superbly exalts its defining traits through its restrained form: an ovoid face with almond-shaped eyes, a nasal plane covered with copper bands and brass nails, mouth ajar and set with metal, a solid and plain neck and massive lower limbs resting on a thick circular base. The strong arms bend at right angles around the umbilical zone loaded with magic-religious ingredients. The horn embedded in the fontanelle, the nails on the head and on the torso and umbilicus area all show how this great nkisi ancestor was able to protect the entire community for several generations.
All these elements highlight the fact that Songye statuary is born of a threefold social arrangement: the sculptor, the blacksmith (associated with the sacred power of the ancestors) and the diviner-priest (nganga). The efficiency of the work, which becomes a vector of cosmic forces and ancestral presence, is here remarkably conveyed by the imposing sculptural presence, combining forcefulness in the body and sensitivity in the face. It expresses through the hand of a great sculptor, all the complexity and the richness of the Songye mind.