拍品 69
  • 69

日本、繩文時代 加彩土偶

估價
70,000 - 90,000 GBP
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描述

  • painted earthenware, paulownia wood
the female torso modelled in a frontal pose, the anatomy defined by pointed breasts framed by characteristic rope-cord pattern, the compressed globular head facing forward with wide goggle-shaped eyes and an open mouth, patinated to a chocolate-brown tone with traces of red pigment, fitted stand and Japanese wood box

展覽

《オリンピック東京大會 日本古美術展》,東京國立博物館,東京,1964年,編號85
《新館完成記念 特別展覧会図版目録》,京都國立博物館,京都, 1966年,編號500
《1969春の特別展 土偶と土面》,サントリー美術館,東京,1969年,編號7

出版

江坂輝彌,《日本の土偶》,東京,1990年,圖103
梅原猛及渡辺誠,《縄文の神秘:人間の美術 縄文時代》,東京,2003年,卷一,編號204

Condition

The lower body and the left ear of the figure are missing. There are minor nicks/chips to the figure elsewhere, The extremities such as the headdress, the breasts and the fists of the figure are rubbed and with other minor losses. There are general short scratches, in consistent with age. The surface with traces of red paint remain. The actual colour of the figure is of a slightly warmer brown tone compared to the catalogue illustration.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

拍品資料及來源

土偶,日本繩文時代(日本的石器時代)所燒製之人偶,素胎無釉,其起源遠溯西元前12000年繩文時代初期。早期出現之土偶形像簡單,僅具身軀及細小頭部,然而胸脯突出,明顯為女性象徵。時至繩文時代中期(西元前2500年),臉部輪廓刻畫漸見細緻,同帶手足,肚腹隆起,屬孕婦形象。自此,各式土偶先後出現,製作地區以日本東部為主。

繩文時代,穀物種植等農業尚未成形,經濟形態限於狩獵採集。據現時所知,當時人們盡用自然恩澤,竭力開發技術,去除食材苦澀異味,增加食材種類,並群居以求安穩,村落祭典始現。

有關土偶用途,則眾說紛紜。因其出土時頭、手足多為斷裂受損,故有早期學說稱土偶乃為減輕傷病痛楚而製之「形代」(替身),亦有說其為孕婦形象,乃安胎之護身吉符。然而,根據近年發現多有土偶與其他祭祀道具一併丟棄、或作陪葬物品,故有學者認為土偶乃用於祭典之物,代表主宰繁衍之女神,引領自然生生不息,反映繩文時代對重生之概念。

土偶之發展與繩文時代社會同時並進,進入彌生時代,種植稻米等穀物之農耕技術出現,冶煉鐵、青銅等金屬器具之技法亦自中國傳入,以農業社會逐漸成形,土偶隨即消失,為後人理解土偶功用提供重要線索。

本品屬於遮光器土偶之一種,此品類始現於2800年前、繩文時代晚期,發達於青森縣及岩手縣等日本列島東北地方之北部。此類土偶眼睛圓大,呈橢圓狀,類近北方狩獵民族所用之遮光器,因此得名。本品大眼、Y字眉、身體刻畫圖紋,乃舊式土偶之典型特徵。

藝匠製作此類土偶,乃將細長黏土繩圈層層堆疊,裡頭中空,完整者估計高逾40公分,尺寸甚大。中心主題圖案乃此時期最具特色之「磨消繩文」─工匠轉動細繩,留下整面之繩索紋,再以磨尖之動物角或骨刻畫線條,磨去部份繩紋,產生圖案獨特,別具風格。光素無紋之部份則加以仔細研磨,至今仍然光澤照人。土偶表面雖為黑色,然而此並非釉料,而是於最後野燒階段時,運用阻絕氧氣之燒製技術。此外,土偶通體仍可見微量鐵丹。

整體而言,本品形像豐腴,唯肩膀傾斜,罕見於同期之土偶。乳房豐滿、微往下垂,讓觀者感受到母親之堅毅。此外,土偶嘴形獨特,頗能突顯其個性。該時期之土偶嘴形較形式化,多為單純圓形或橢圓,本土偶則嘴唇極富動感,有如正在張口講話。

此外,本土偶右耳吊垂耳飾呈輪鼓狀,保存完整,眼睛下方兩條垂直平行線,或為當時刺青風俗之代表,皆能提升本品歷史價值。基於上述理由,縱然本土偶下身缺失,仍被視為象徵日本繩文時代遮光器土偶之代表傑作。