A MAGNIFICENT AND EXTREMELY RARE PAIR OF EMBELLISHED LACQUER PANELS QING DYNASTY, QIANLONG PERIOD

each of rectangular form, meticulously embellished with a profusion of diverse materials against an ochre lacquer ground within a cinnabar lacquer frame carved with floral scrolls and bats flanking stylised wan symbols against a dense floral diapered ground, one panel with a square-sectioned baluster vase with long leafy stems bearing floral buds and blossoms depicted with amethyst and carnelian, all supported on an intricately carved ivory stand, next to an archaistic teapot resting atop an ivory stand, its chained cover placed next to the stand, the panel further depicted with a large dish with a flared rim, all supported on a carved wood stand, the dish rendered with blue and white porcelain decorated with floral scrolls and a key-fret border, various fruits abundantly arranged on the dish, including a peach, grapes and three finger-citrons, two of which depicted employing ivory and one amber, the right foreground adorned with two books depicted with intricately carved and stained ivory, the books acting as the stand of an ivory vase inlaid with a round bulbous plaque alongside a lobed box and cover issuing forth lingzhi wisps, two large ripe pomegranates rendered with stained ivory resting aside the books, the upper right corner incised with an imperial poem followed by Qianlong yiwei chuntie zici ('Spring invitation for the yiwei (1775) year') and two seal marks reading Qianlong zhenhan ('calligraphy by the Qianlong Emperor') and Weijing weiyi ('be precise, be undivided'), all below seven polychrome lacquer cartouches, each carved with lotus scrolls and enclosing a stylised ji ('auspiciousness') framed by bats and lingzhi clouds, the other panel similarly embellished with an assortment of media depicting an assemblage of scholarly and auspicious items, centred with an archaistic censer and cover surmounted with a jade finial, all resting on a lobed wood stand, next to a blue and white gu-form vase issuing forth thin gnarled branches bearing leaves depicted with stained ivory and floral buds and blossoms with amber and painted soapstone, all supported on a splayed ivory stand next to a small jade double-gourd vase, the vessels partially concealing a small ivory baluster vase and arrows horizontally placed behind, the tasteful scholarly setting highlighted with an ivory brushpot filled with various implements, including an incense tool and a massage implement with beads depicted with carnelian, lapis lazuli, turquoise matrix, crystal and agate, the right foreground adorned with a small circular cinnabar lacquer box and cover intricately carved with petal lappets and a penzai comprising a jade immortal figure and a vase in the form of a mythical beast inlaid with a circular dendritic agate panel issuing forth two floral stems, the upper right section similarly incised with an imperial poem followed by Qianlong wushen chuntie zici ('Spring invitation for the wushen (1788) year') and two seal marks, all below seven polychrome lacquer cartouches, each carved with florets and a tasselled double-gourd enclosing the characters da ji ('great auspiciousness')

Christie's London, 16th December 1981, lot 349.

The pair of screens have been preserved well, with just minor areas where small parts of the inlays have been refixed and repainted. There are also expected minor chips to the extremities (especially the agate fingers fruit and prunus blossoms), age crackles to the ivory as well as typical colour loss due to rubbing. The lacquered areas have some expected small chips, stabilised crackles and minor repainted areas. The top left lacquer plaque on each panel appears to have been lowered.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

The poems on this pair of panels may be translated as follows:

          Spring Poems Posted for the Year yiwei
          [The Emperor dates his poem to the day guichou (4 February 1775).]

          As blue birds begin to sing at government offices,
          An eastern breeze resonates with Beginning of Spring.
          Since divinations for both high and low all turned out well,
          We hope this can comfort Our peasant farmers.

          Of course, government must be solidly administered,
          So how can We merely cultivate virtuous words!
          Let Our administration consult all metropolitan officials,
          As this auspicious day just now falls on the Ox.

          With banners and pennants inscribed with “Spirit of Spring”
          Let Us discern the secret of Heaven’s purpose on this renewal of 
          the year,
          Just as thousands of years of tortoise shell and mirror are recorded 
          in the Classics and Histories,
          And as the four seasonal spirits always complete their cycle from
          ancient times ‘til now.

          Spring Poems Posted for the Year wushen
          [The emperor dates his poems for Lichun (Start of Spring) in the
          wushen (4 February 1788).]

          As Spring on this shen year enters the day you, 
          The hill of wu augurs hardship for grain.
          Saluting the common folk, we shall share Our good fortune,
          If they ask for sauce they shall get wine, such is Our pledge.

          When solstices a thousand years from now occur,
          We stir not from Our seat yet can know it by calculation.
          So when amidst Our divinations a bountiful harvest is foretold,
          We declare such good fortune to ease the lot of the common folk.

          Last month of the year snow on the twenty-eighth day,
          And just with the blessing of abundant soaking, wind from the sea was
               heard.
          And as Spring slipped in this year, the day before yesterday,
          Came such triumphant news that We now shall recall Our main forces.

 

This magnificent pair of panels has been executed with meticulous detail and great skill in reverse trompe l’oeil, whereby the objects depicted are reproduced in miniature in their original material and placed against a flat surface. The manufacturing of the various objects required the cooperation of various Palace Workshops, where skilled craftsmen paid particular attention faithfully to recreating miniature copies of treasured objects from the Imperial collection, as seen in the attractively rendered patina on the bronze vessels to simulate age. Panels in reverse trompe l’oeil are an innovation of the Qianlong period and reflect the emperor’s fondness for technically challenging and innovative designs.

Often made in pairs or sets, wall panels adorned the numerous private halls built under the direction of the Qianlong Emperor. An avid collector and connoisseur of the arts, the Emperor identified himself as a Han Chinese scholar and spent long hours in his studio practising calligraphy, composing poetry and studying objects from his collection. The mixture of antique and contemporary pieces depicted on this pair of panels, from the blue and white gu vase holding branches of a flowering plum to the ivory brushpot and the bronze hu, reflects some favoured objects to be displayed in an elegant studio. Panels depicting a combination of antique and contemporary objects began to be produced in the Kangxi reign, although they peaked in popularity during the Qianlong period when they were made in a variety of materials; see for example a large pair of cloisonné enamel panels decorated with this subject, from the Pierre Uldry collection, illustrated in Helmut Brinker and Albert Luz, Chinesisches Cloisonné die Sammlung Pierre Uldry, Zurich, 1985, pls 309 and 310, together with a smaller pair, pls 307 and 308.  

Wall-panels of this type are rare although three related examples are known: the first, inscribed with a poem with a cyclical date corresponding to 1779, was sold in these rooms, 29th April 1997, lot 770, the second dated 1773, was sold at Christie’s Hong Kong, 29th May 2009, lot 1816; and the third is offered in this sale, lot3005. Compare also panels of this type, but lacking the carved lacquer cartouches at the top, such as one on display in the Suianshi (Room of Finding Peace) in the Yangxindian (Hall of Cultivating Mind) in the Forbidden City, Beijing, where the emperor is said to have rested during fasting periods, illustrated in situ in Qingdai gongting shenghuo [Life in the Forbidden City], Hong Kong, 1985, pl. 175, together with a wall panel simulating a display cabinet filled with precious objects, pl. 178; and another sold in our London rooms, 11th June 1996, lot 154, and again in these rooms, 23rd October 2005, lot 362.

The objects adorning these panels not only represent the scholar’s studio but are also steeped in auspicious symbolism, such as the wish for longevity, good fortune and wealth represented by the group of scholar’s objects with flowers and fruit, and the blue and white bowl filled with Buddha’s hand citrons (foshou), peach (tao) and grapes (putao) on one panel which expresses the wish for abundance of blessings, long life and many sons. Furthermore, the two pomegranates (shiliu) with exposed seeds similarly symbolise fertility and abundance.