Lot 84
  • 84

Rare et grand gobelet couvert en argent et vermeil, probablement France XIVe/XVe siècle

Estimate
50,000 - 70,000 EUR
bidding is closed

Description

  • Rare et grand gobelet couvert en argent et vermeil, probablement France XIVe/XVe siècle
  • Haut. 25,5 cm, 294 g ; 10 in, oz 8dwt
l'intérieur du couvercle appliqué d'une fleur en partie émaillée en noir et retenant des restes de textile, le corps reposant sur une galerie ajourée de quartefeuilles soutenue par trois pieds en forme de lions assis et le couvercle gravés d'inscriptions en vieux français, les mots alternant avec des feuillages, la prise en aigle, le bord du couvercle et le bord de la prise ajourés également d'une frise de quartefeuilles, insculpé sous la base d'un poinçon en forme d'écusson et de la lettre gothique A

showing traces of black enamel and pinning the remains of a textile, detachable cover and body inscribed in French, the words interrupted by foliageinside cover with applied flower petals in ropework surround, marked with shield shaped punch and gothic lower case A

Provenance

S.J. Phillips, London
A private European collection, sold Christies New York, 16 April 1999, lot 174

Condition

Traces of corrosion inside the cover. usual dents and scratches. Traces of restoration on the lip. Cover unmarked. A minor lack on a motive on the cover gallery, another on the foot gallery. Some other irregularities on the pierced motives of the foot gallery. Othewise in good condition. One slightly larger scratch on foot rim. Very rare piece.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Catalogue Note

Les inscriptions en vieux français sont, d'une part, sur le couvercle, PRENDEES EN GREET, d'autre part sur le corps QUANT DIEU PLERRA LYTANS VERRA, ce que l'on peut comprendre comme PRENEZ EN GRE et QUAND IL PLAIRA A DIEU, LE TEMPS VIENDRA. Cette inscription pourrait être une référence au gobelet lui-même ou à la boisson présentée et signifie prenez ceci en signe de bienvenue. Les coupes et les gobelets de la fin du Moyen-Age ou de la Renaissance constituent des cadeaux de bienvenue habituels pour les invités de marque. Un des exemples les plus notoires sont les coupes offertes en 1346 au nouvel empereur par la ville de Nuremberg à l'époque de la première Diète, au cours d'une cérémonie semi-religieuse1. Le mot GRE sur le couvercle peut ausi se rapprocher de GRACE (Jean Nocit, le Trésor de la langue francoyse tant ancienne que moderne, 1606). Cette homonymie renvoie à la symbolique religieuse de la résurrection émanant de la phrase gravée sur le corps. Sur le livre d'heures peint à Bruges vers 1450 qui appartint à Ann Boleyn, épouse de roi d'Angleterre Henri VIII (Hever castle, Angleterre), il est écrit le temps viendra sous une illustration du Jugement Dernier. Cependant, cette citation peut aussi se révéler être une devise héraldique du propriétaire du gobelet. Par exemple, Jean, duc de Berry (1340-1416) avait pour devise Oursine le temps viendra.
On connait d'autrres gobelets présentant des inscriptions en lettres gothiques similaires sur fond amati et datant des XIVe et XVe siècles2. Bien que des pièces profanes de cette époque soient extrèmement rares, on peut rapprocher cette iconographie de celle figurant sur des pièces sacrées, en particulier les galeris ajourées de quartefeuilles, la fomre cylindrique légèrement tronconique et la prise en forme d'animal.

The inscriptions in French read as follows,
On the cover PRENDEES EN GREET. On the body QUANT DIEU PLERRA LYTANS VERRA

PRENDEES EN GREET (prenez en gré) has the meaning of take with pleasure, take what is agreable or welcome.  The inscription might refer to the piece itself as in `take this beaker in welcome’ or to the liquid inside when offering a welcome drink. Cups or beakers in the late medieval/renaissance period were given as gifts of welcome to important people. A supreme example was the welcome cups given from 1346, to the new Emperor by the city of Nuremberg at the time of the first Diet of his reign, in a semi-religious ceremony1.  The word gré on the cover of this cup can also include a sense of Grace (Jean Nicot: Le Thresor de la langue francoyse tant ancienne que modern, 1606) which connects with the religious connation of the Resurrection in QUANT DIEU PLERRA LY TANS VERRA inscribed on the body (Quand il plaira à dieu, le temps viendra).  The book of hours painted in Brugges c.1450 which belonged to Anne Boleyn (1501-1536) wife of the English king Henry VIII, (Hever castle, England) is inscribed le temps viendra below an image of the Day of Judgment.  However this inscription on the body might also be a heraldic motto relating to the recipient or owner of the beaker. Jean duc de Berry (1340-1416) for example had as his motto Oursine le temps viendra.
Beakers inscribed in French with similar gothic lettering on matting from the 14th and 15th centuries are known2.  While secular pieces, from this early period are very rare, it is possible to find evidence of the ornament in religious silver, such pierced shapes,  the castellated borders and the cylinder and animal finial,  from the beginning of the 14th and into the 15th centuries.  A silver brooch from a hoard of multiple items, helping to substantiate its dating of 1370/80, has lettering which can be compared with the beaker’s.  This includes almost identical forms for T and G,  which are made unusual by the incorporation of an extra bar at the end of these letters.3
A beaker catalogued as Liège, mid-15th century, with similar lettering and inscription PRENES EN GRE but with the letter G not including the unusual extra bar as it does on this beaker was sold Christies Geneva 8 November 1977 lot 267

 

Literature:
1. Klaus Pechstein, The 'Welcome cup..' Connoisseur, November 1978, pp. 181-187
2. R. Lightbrown, Secular Goldsmith's work in Medieval France: a History, London, 1978, plates XXIII (a) and (b)
3. The Brooch was discovered near Karlstein in central Bohemia. See: Johann Michael Fritz, Goldschmiedekunst der Gotick in MItteleuropa, Munich, 1982, nos. 321 and 322