Lot 44
  • 44

Matta

Estimate
750,000 - 1,000,000 EUR
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Description

  • Matta
  • ET AT IT
  • huile sur toile, triptyque
  • triptyque : 86 x 246,7 cm; 33 7/8 x 97 1/8 in.

Provenance

Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York (1945)
William S. Rubin, New York (dans les années 1950)
Richard Zeisler, New York

Exhibited

New York, Pierre Matisse Gallery, Matta: Paintings 1944-1945, 1945, no. 6
Waltham, Massachusetts, Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Matta: the Fist Decade, 1982, no. 42
Washington D.C., Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Crosscurrents of Modernism: Four Latin American Pioneers, 1992, no. 89
New York, Studio Museum in Harlem, Wilfredo Lam and his Contemporaries, 1992-93, no. 67
East Hampton New York, Guild Hall, Museum, The Surrealists and their friends on Esatern Long Island at Mid-Century, 1996

Literature

Germana Ferrari, Entretiens morphologiques : Notebook No. 1, 1936-1944, Londres, 1987, p. 196

Condition

The work is comprised of three panels, forming a horizontal triptych. Each panel has been executed on a medium weight, plain weave linen and attached to commercially manufactured lightweight, four member stretchers, attached with metal tacks on the side edges. All keys are extant in the joins and the joins have been slightly opened. The white ground has been commercially prepared and forms a thin, consistent layer that partially fills the interstices of the weave. The paint layer, estimated to be oil, has been thinly applied in multiple layers with sections of passages deliberately scraped back by the artist. The texture of the underlying weave is evident throughout. The painting has a generally matte sheen with a few areas of increased gloss, most likely due to a greater quantity of binding material. The fabric supports are taut and in plane. In the center panel is a small repaired disruption in the fabric support reinforced on the reverse with Japanese paper, with minimal inpainting corresponding on the face. In some areas along the edges where the painting has been covered by the frame, the revealed paint is darker and brighter than the exposed paint: this is most discernible intermittently along the upper edge of each panel in the dark red and dark blue passages. Sporadic small areas of inpainting are visible under ultraviolet light at the edges and around the perimeter. The painting is in very good condition overall. (This condition report has been provided courtesy of Amann and Estabrook Conservation Associates.)
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Catalogue Note

oil on canvas, triptych. Painted in 1944.

Fig. 1, Matta, Prince of blood, 1943, huile sur toile, tryptique, Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York

Fig. 2, Montage par Marcel Duchamp dans The First papers of Surrealism, New York, 1942

Fig. 3, Matta, La Vertu noire, 1943, huile sur toile, tryptique, The Trustees of the Tate Gallery, Londres

 

Peint en 1944 à New York, à une époque d'activité intense pour le groupe surréaliste en exil - la plupart de ses membres, écrivains ou artistes, ayant fui la guerre qui sévit en Europe - ce triptyque est d'une rare profondeur. Il nous fait découvrir l'univers intérieur de Matta, sa perception de l'espace et de la perspective. Dans cette œuvre composée de trois toiles, l'artiste prend le parti de représenter le même espace sous trois angles différents.

"La réalité ne peut être représentée qu'en état de transformation perpétuelle," écrit le jeune Matta en 1937. En 1944, alors qu'il peint Et At It, l'artiste est toujours confronté à la difficulté de restituer cette "transformation perpétuelle" du réel par les moyens conventionnels de la peinture sur toile. Lorsqu'il quitte son emploi de dessinateur au sein de l'atelier du Corbusier, Matta est animé par cette volonté de donner une forme visuelle à un monde en flux. Il persiste à ne pas se décrire comme peintre, mais comme montreur – celui qui rend visible. Dans ses tentatives les plus précoces de parvenir à ses fins, l'artiste guide son travail à l'aide de contours topographiques, grilles déformées, de microphotographies botaniques ainsi que de modèles tridimensionnels issu des travaux du mathématicien Henri Poincaré. Après avoir fuit l'Europe pour New York au début de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, le vocabulaire visuel que Matta explore est dominé par la représentation d'une terre en surrection, convulsée par des explosions volcaniques. Par la suite, durant l'été 1943, comme il le décrit lui-même, il "passe d'une sorte de feu brûlant, de lumières minérales et autres choses de ce  genre à un espace construit par des lignes et vagues géodésiques." Marcel Duchamp, et son The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even, or (Large Glass), exposé en 1943 au Museum of Modern Art (pour la première fois depuis son vernissage en 1926 au Brooklyn Museum), n'est pas complètement étranger à cette évolution. Entre-temps l'œuvre de Duchamp est détruite puis minutieusement réparée par l'artiste français. Dès lors, les vitres qui enferment l'œuvre sont altérées de nombreuses fissures qui trahissent la notion originelle de transparence.

C'est après avoir lu un article de Duchamp, dans la revue Cahiers d'Art en 1936, que Matta réalise que l'art peut créer un passage à travers le temps et l'espace. Réfugié à New York en 1943, il habite près de l'atelier de Duchamp situé 14th Street et les deux artistes se retrouvent régulièrement pour déjeuner. Matta connait bien The Large Glass, l'ayant vue pour la première fois dans le salon de la maison de Katherine Dreier dans le Connecticut. Il collabore avec Dreier sur un ouvrage, The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even, An Analytical Reflection, publié par la Société Anonyme et le Museum of Modern Art en 1944. L'hommage de Matta à Duchamp, The Bachelors Twenty Year's After, est reproduit sur la brochure et exposé la même année au Whitney Museum dans le cadre d'une exposition intitulée European Artists in America. Il précède probablement le triptyque Et At It dévoilé à la Galerie Pierre Matisse en Mars 1945. Cette toile apparaît alors comme une des œuvres majeures d'une série aux accents duchampiens que Matta produit entre 1943 et 1944.

Et At It peut être interprété comme la suite logique de deux triptyques élaborés en 1943, Prince of Blood et La Vertu Noire, de dimensions semblables, (exposés chez Pierre Matisse en Février/Mars 1944), tous deux ayants un panneau gauche considérablement plus étroit que celui de droite. Dans chacun de ces triptyques, la somme de la largeur des deux panneaux latéraux est égale à la largeur du panneau central, et ces proportions sont  approximativement reprises dans les panneaux de Et At It, comme si Matta avait conçu l'œuvre comme une continuation des triptyques antérieurs, lui offrant l'occasion d'explorer de manière plus approfondie ce nouveau terrain expérimentation.  Dans les deux œuvres de 1943 les dérivations amorphes des couleurs de ces tableaux précédents sont devenus des espaces de couleur opaque, des rhomboïdes et tétraèdres noirs flottants, ainsi que des constructions linéaires peintes, faites de fines lignes ou de découpe de la terre noire avec un rasoir. L'année suivante, dans Et At It, la terre noire est animée d'une sous-couche rougeâtre qui lui confère une lueur iridescente. Matta utilise de fines lignes blanches pour définir des plans en mouvement contradictoire. Ce que le plasticien entend par contradictoire, c'est le fait pour le spectateur d'apprécier l'œuvre en se basant sur une perspective conventionnelle. [...]

Le sujet du tableau devient plus parlant lorsqu'il est éclairé par les mots de Matta qui, des années plus tard, explique ses théories : "L'énergie humaine est un système en expansion dans l'univers et le réel est fait d'oscillations, de vagues, de rayons ; un monde est un réseau de vibrations." [...] Matta donne [ici] l'apparence d'avoir trouvé et maîtrisé les moyens de transcrire cet effet de transformation perpétuelle qu'il a longuement cherché. Cependant l'artiste ne poursuit pas dans cette veine et, dès la fin de 1944, il change d'orientation ce qui lui coute le support enthousiaste de son public New Yorkais. En réponse à la révélation de l'Holocauste et de la violence constante de la guerre, il peuple ses vastes tableaux d'humanoïdes tubulaires ou mécano-morphes dans des situations de torture et d'impuissance. "Au lieu de mes morphologies psychologiques personnelles, j'ai essayé de développer une morphologie sociale, utilisant des images totémiques", explique l'artiste.

Etant donné ce contexte, il est aisé de comprendre l'importance d'Et At It comme point culminant des premières – et certains diraient meilleures – années de l'artiste ; des années durant lesquelles celui-ci trouve le moyen d'illustrer des forces universelles avec une puissance et une complexité jusqu'alors inédites. Elles témoignent aussi d'un échange fructueux entre deux artistes d'exception, échange suffisamment électrisant pour engendrer une nouvelle expérience visuelle.   

Martica Sawin (traduit de l'anglais)

 

Painted in 1944 in New York during the artist's stay in the United States, at the height of Surrealist activities in New York when the majority of the group of painters and writers around André Breton were in exile thater, this triptych is of the greatest rarity, and delves deep into Matta's intimate universe of space and perspective. In this work, consisting of three different-sized canvases, Matta effectively paints the same "space" with dispersed objects from three different angles .

"Reality can only be represented in a state of perpetual transformation," Matta wrote as a young artist in 1937. In 1944 when he painted Et At It he was still grappling with the problem of conveying "perpetual transformation" through the conventional means of paint on canvas. From the moment he left his employ as a draftsman in Le Corbusier's studio, Matta's goal had been to give visual form to a world in flux. He persisted in describing himself not as a painter, but as a montreur--one who makes visible. In his earliest attempts to realize this goal he used devices from drafting, like topographical contour lines and warped grids, as well as scientific devices such as the three-dimensional models that demonstrated the theories of mathematician Henri Poincaré, and botanical microphotographs. After he moved to New York from Europe at the start of World War II his dominant imagery was an earth in upheaval, convulsed by volcanic explosions. Then in the summer of 1943, as he described it, he "passed from a sort of burning fire, mineral lights and that kind of thing into a space that was described by geodesic lines and waves." A major catalyst for this transition was Marcel Duchamp and his The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors, Even, or (Large Glass), which in 1943 was placed on view at The Museum of Modern Art where it was seen by the public for the first time since its debut at the Brooklyn Museum in 1926. In the interim it had been shattered and painstakingly repaired by the artist, with the consequence that its transparency was overlaid by a scrim of cracks that betrayed a material surface interlayered with the perception of what lay beyond, what was caught within and what was seen in reflection.

 

Years earlier Matta was first made aware that art might convey passage through time and space when he read an article on Duchamp in a 1936 Cahiers d'Art. As a refugee in New York in 1943 he was living close to Duchamp's 14th Street studio and they often met for lunch. The Large Glass was well-known to Matta who first saw it in the living room of Katherine Dreier's Connecticut home. He collaborated with Dreier on a booklet, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, An Analytical Reflection, published by the Société Anonyme and The Museum of Modern Art, in 1944. Matta's painted homage to Duchamp, The Bachelors Twenty Year's After, was reproduced in this brochure and shown the same year in the Whitney Museum's European Artists in America. It probably preceded the triptych Et At It which was first shown at the Pierre Matisse Gallery in March, 1945. The latter is one of the culminating works in a Duchamp-related series that Matta produced in 1943 and 1944.

 

Et At It may be seen as a sequel to two 1943 triptychs of similar dimensions, Prince of Blood and La Vertu Noire, (shown at Pierre Matisse in February/March 1944), both of which have a left panel considerably narrower than the one on the right. In each, the sum of the widths of the two side panels equals the width of the center panel, and these proportions are roughly repeated in the panels of Et At It, suggesting that Matta conceived of the latter work as a continuation of the earlier triptychs and a further exploration of the new ground they had broken. In the two 1943 works the amorphous drifts of color of his previous paintings are displaced almost completely by opaque color areas, floating black rhomboids and tetrahedrons, and linear constructions painted in thin lines or cut out of the black ground with a razor. In the following year, in Et At It, he painted the ground predominantly in black, over a reddish underpainting, which gives it an iridescent glow, and he used thin white lines to define planes that moved in contradictory directions, contradictory that is, if one looks at them expecting conventional one-point perspective. [...]

 

The subject of the painting is best illuminated by the words Matta recorded some years later to describe his on-going preoccupation: "Human energy is a system in expansion in the universe and the real is made of oscillations, waves, beams; a world is a nexus of vibrations." [...] With these three paintings Matta appears to have found and mastered the means to transmit his sought after effect of perpetual transformation. However, he was not to build on these developments until later decades, as by the end of 1944 he had abruptly swerved in another direction, one which cost him the enthusiastic support of his New York audience. Responding to the revelation of the Holocaust and the ongoing violence of the war, he began to populate vast canvases with tubular humanoids or mecanomorphs in situations of torture and powerlessness. "Instead of my personal psychological morphologies, I tried to develop a social morphology, using totemic images" is the way he explained this change.

 

Given this background, one can understand the importance of Et At It as representing a culminating point in Matta's early—and some would say best—years, years in which he found the means to portray universal forces with a power and complexity hitherto unseen. It also testifies to one of those special interchanges in art history when a connection is established between two artists that is electrifying enough to spawn a new visual experience.

 

Martica Sawin