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Robert Colescott's George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware: Page from an American History Textbook, painted in 1975, comes to auction this May in New York as a highlight of the Contemporary Art Evening Auction.
B
oth in title and composition, George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware: Page from an American History Textbook directly references Emanuel Leutze’s iconic scene Washington Crossing the Delaware from 1851 – which is currently held in the permanent collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York – where it has remained since 1897 – and stands as one of the most recognizable images in the American popular imagination.
“What I did was to take something that is admirable, mess it up, and make you question everything that the artwork stood for.”
Robert Colescott
Colescott paints a radical counter to the exclusionary narrative that has long dominated art history. In the present work, the artist takes on an iconic image that within the public consciousness represents American ideals of freedom and political liberation, unveiling its inherent racial bias. The artist turns the original image on its head, holding a mirror to American culture using essentialized racial caricatures to underscore the glaring omission of the African-American narrative within the prevailing representations of American history, and highlight how that history is built on a legacy of racism and inequity. George Washington Carver is an enduring testament to the singular potency which characterizes Colescott’s distinctive vernacular, as well as the extraordinary contribution he has made to the development of Contemporary American painting.
Providing a satirical intervention in in American history, culture, and politics, Colescott confronts the canon of Western art history upon its own terms, boldly commandeering the grand artistic genre of history painting. In Leutze’s work (pictured below), Washington is dramatically depicted as the hero and father of America at its inception, captured at the turning-point of the American Revolutionary War. Colescott’s adaptation radically rewrites the American national self-mythology, parodying the grandeur of historical genre painting while exposing the structural racial divides of the United States. Teeming in a melee of animated forms, vibrant, garish hues, and sumptuous painterly marks, Colescott enacts the racial tensions prevalent in American society; simultaneously highly familiar and distinctly uncanny, his characters serve as cartoonish allegories for complex social issues, employing satire to critically engage questions of implicit bias which implicate its viewers and society at large.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Acquired directly from John Beggruen Gallery in San Francisco in 1976, George Washington Carver has remained in the same esteemed private Midwestern collection ever since. As the definitive embodiment of Robert Colescott’s revolutionary and highly acclaimed painterly oeuvre, George Washington Carver is included in every text on the artist, and is presented as a touchstone of American art in virtually every survey on Twentieth Century art history. Further testifying to the painting’s importance, the work has been included in every major exhibition on the artist, and has been exhibited alongside other masterworks of art history in numerous seminal exhibitions of the twentieth century, including the Whitney Museum of American Art’s 1978 exhibition Art About Art, and Thelma Golden’s seminal 1994 exhibition The Black Male: Representations of Masculinity in Contemporary American Art, also at the Whitney Museum. Recently, the work was prominently included in important exhibitions including Figuring History: Robert Colescott, Kerry James Marshall, Mickalene Thomas at the Seattle Art Museum in 2018 and We Fight to Build a Free World at The Jewish Museum in New York in 2020-21.
With an estimate of $9 – 12 million, the painting is poised to shatter the artist’s current auction record of $912,500.
Private Collection. Sold Sotheby’s New York May 2018 for $21.1 million
Art © 2021 Kerry James Marshall
“In his radical re-interpretation of Leutze's original image, Robert Colescott exposes the underbelly of American visual culture, stopping us in our tracks and challenging the world to re-think the tenets upon which our visual imagination is founded. With its social and political resonance and sheer pictorial force, today Colescott's painting greatly rivals the iconic quality of its source image, offering a critical reckoning with the history of American art. We are honored and humbled to present the artist's most significant painting at auction after 45 years in the same private Midwestern collection.”
David Galperin, Head of Sotheby’s Evening Auctions of Contemporary Art in New York
Ahead of its auction debut this May, George Washington Carver Crossing the Delaware: Page from an American History Textbook will be on view in Hong Kong from 16 – 21 April and will travel to Los Angeles from 24 – 26 April, before returning to New York for public exhibition from 1 – 12 May.
ROBERT COLESCOTT’S GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER CROSSING THE DELAWARE: PAGE FROM AN AMERICAN HISTORY TEXTBOOK
Painted in 1975 - the same year that kicked off the United States Bicentennial that celebrated the 200th anniversary of the American Revolution and establishment of the United States as an independent republic - the present work offers Colescott's own bicentennial statement on American history. Colescott exposes the stereotypical portrayal of African American people in our country's history: while the pejorative caricatures are immediately recognizable to the viewer as they have been widely seen and ingrained in our consciousness, less recognizable and known is the story of George Washington Carver. A Black man born in the 186Os into slavery, Carver went on to become a pioneering agricultural scientist at the Tuskagee Institute, and his innovations would go on to help struggling sharecroppers in the South, many of them former slaves.
Traditional history paintings such as George Washington Crossing the Delaware were commissioned by the wealthy and powerful elite in order to commemorate a historical event. Standing before George Washington Carver, Colescott calls to question the beliefs and mythology that grounds every aspect of our national identity, and, more poignantly, what voices and which demographics were left out of those narratives. In George Washington Carver, Colescott re-imagines Leutze's iconic scene with George Washington Carver as the focus, replacing his namesake at the pinnacle of the ship. Surrounding Carver on the ship is a rowdy cast of black characters whose caricature-like representations are clearly informed by racist popular imagery, and meant to represent common racist stereotypes of the twentieth century that have informed mainstream consciousness: including a cigar-smoking banjo player, a servantly chef, an inebriated farmer, and a "mammy" figure, among others.
Born in Oakland, California in 1925, Colescott grew up during the Great Depression. After serving in World War II in a segregated army, Colescott embarked on a career in art and earned his BFA at the University of California, Berkeley, where he studied European Modernism. During this time, Colescott traveled to Paris to study with Fernand Léger, whose influence on Colescott is readily apparent within the chaotic yet highly structured composition of the present work. In the early 1960s, Colescott travelled to Cairo, Egypt, where he spent several years studying and teaching. The artist returned to the United States in the mid-1960s to a county embroiled in the social and political tensions of the Civil Rights Movement. Excited by the different approaches to art he encountered in Egypt and dissatisfied with the narrow narrative scope offered by abstraction – especially as an African American within the heightened sociopolitical landscape – Colescott radically embraced a new figurative style and subject matter in his work. George Washington Carver emerges from the groundbreaking moment in which Colescott radically embraced this new mode, and masterfully captures the artist at the inception of his creative artistic brilliance.
Art © 2021 Estate of Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
Art © 2021 Faith Ringgold / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
Typifying the very finest of the artist’s oeuvre, George Washington Carver bursts to life in a lush painterly fusion of irony and sincerity, allegory and image, figuration and abstraction, bringing into sharp focus aspects of the contemporary Black experience left otherwise obscured. Three years after Sotheby's record-shattering offering of Kerry James Marshall's iconic Past Times in May 2018, George Washington Carver represents another crucial market-defining moment for one of the twentieth century's most celebrated African American painters.
